Story Flashcards
how did Mary Queen of Scot’s eventually view MoA and HVI and why
- financial burdens as they had no money and lived lavish lifestyles
- risk of invasions from the english
- cause of potential conflict with Burgundy or trade embargoes (may refuse to trade)
what did MoA do following Towton in 1461
sent DoSomerset and two other envoys to negotiate with France asking for men, ships and a loan of £20,000 crowns as well as another envoy asking for a further 80,000 crowns and a fleet of ships
how did King Charles VII of France respond to MoA’s envoys in 1461
agreed to help the second envoy and planned an attack on the Channel Islands
what halted MoA’s plans in 1461
the death of King Charles vii of France and the ascension of Louis XI
why was it bad for MoA that Louis XI inherited the throne off Charles Vii
- LXI supported EIV at Towton
- his ambition was to bring both Burfundy and Brittany under French rule
- LXI wanted to prevent an alliance between England and Burgundy
what did Warwick do in 1461 following Towton and why
-attached Northumberland fortresses of Alnwick Dunstanburgh and Bamburgh to subdue northern lancastrian support
why would MoA be mistaken in appealing to France to invade England in 1461 (4)
- could be prosecuted for treason
- encouraging French may cause unpopularity
- what if French don’t leave after ?
- LXI seeking an alliance with EIV
why would LXI support EIV at Towton (3)
- so he’d be indebted to LXI
- build up trade / relationship with a more stable england
- destabilise england by continuing the fighting
give an example of EIV’s policy of conciliation being successful
DoSomerset forgiven and became so close to EIV he was privileged to share his bed (however he defected later do diplomacy wasn’t enough to ensure loyalty)
give an example of how EIVs policy of conciliation was unsuccessful
John de Vere EoOxford discovered in a conspiracy to overthrow EIV and restore HVI by a Yorkist double agent in 1462; he and his son executed disembowelled castrated and burnt alive
what did MoA attempt to do in 1462 and how did it fail
she attempted to invade England with Scottish and French troops and ships until the ships scattered at Tynemouth and the french mercenaries abandoned her after learning Warwick was on his way to their landing spot in Alnwick
how did MoA gain LXI support
she offered him Calais (last english land in France)
what did MoA do in 1463
- after Norham Castke was sieges she fled to Bamburgh Castle then to Burgundy for help
- Philip of Burgundy have her an audience and have her 12,000 crowns
why did MoA go to Burgundy in 1463 ?
to ruin EIV’s alliance with Burgundy and therefore ruin his support off the London merchants
what did EIV do in 1463
October - agreed a truce with LXI so France stopped funding and offering safe passage to Lancastrians
December - truce with James III of Scotland so HVI would leave
what does EIV’s negotiations show about his reputation
EIV was feared by foreign powers and viewed as a strong warrior and the rightful king
what happened in 1464 (battles)
Northumbrian Revolt which consisted of two battles :BoHedgleyMoor and BoHexham
why did the Northumbrian Revolt occur and when
1464; DoSomerset frustrated at EIVs refusal to pay him a promised pension so he led the remaining Lancastrian resistance
who won at the BoHedgleyMoor and BoHexham
Yorkists
when was HVI captured and how
July 1465; handed over by local gentry and out in Tower not killed
give 4 reasons for EIV and Warwick’s conflict
- EIV’s marriage to EWoodville (ignored his choice and new faction alienated him)
- EIVS determination to rule and independence
- chose popular opinion over Warwick for foreign policy eg Burgundy over France
- presence of credible alternatives eg George DoClarenence and Hvi
what did LXI offer Warwick in 1467 and why
a principality forged out of Holland and Zeeland as an incentive for bringing down the EIV Woodville regime
who dies in the BoHedgleyMoor
Ralph Neville
who dies in BoHexham
DoSomerset
what occurred in 1469 and how did Warwick respond to EIV
a pro warwick rebellion broke out in the North; EIV called Warwick back to deal with it but he refused
who dealt with the pro Warwick rebellion in 1469 and what changed after
Lord Montagu Warwick’s brother dealt with it but sided with Warwick in 1470 as EIV took back the Earldom of Northumberland and gave it to the Percy’s as part of his conciliation policy
what did George DoClarence do in 1469 (2)
- spread the rumour that EIV wasn’t the true son of Richard DoY
- defied EIV by marrying Warwick daughter
what did warwick do in July 1469
issue a manifesto declaring his intent to relieve Wngland if it’s poor gov, high taxes, lawlessness and dispense the kings corrupt councillors (Woodvillez) and if this didn’t happen EIV should be deposed as an unreliable king
what battle occurred in July 1469
BoEdgecoteHill
when was the BoEdgecoteHill and who died and why
1469, EoPembroke William Herbert died bc Warwick hated lower nobility
what happened to EIV and Warwick after the BoEdgecoteHill
EIV was captured and Warwick attempted to rule with DoClarences support
who did Warwick kill after the BoEdgecoteHill
Earl Rivers (EWoodvilles father) and Sir John Woodville
what response did England have to Warwick and Clarence’s rule and what became of it
riots broke out all over including in London so Warwick forced to release EIV to put down Northern rebellion and bc he could not gain favour of the lords or the people
what did EIV do about Warwick and Clarence’s attempt to rule
he forgave them and publically reconciled with them; those who fought with them pardoned
what did Clarence do in 1470
rebelled at the Battle if Losecoat Field
who won the BoLosecoatField
EIV before Warwick provided reinforcements
what did Warwick and Clarence’s do after the BoLosecoat Field
fled to France
how did EIV deal with the BoLosecoat Field
violently ; rebels ordered by the EoWorcester to be hung upside down and staked
what happened in 1470 in France
LXI brought MoA and Warwick together and promised to give them money ships and soldiers to retake the throne
how was MoA and Warwick’s alliance sealed and when
1470; warwick’s daughter married Edward Prince of Wales
Treaty of Angers
why was EIV worried in 1470
Warwick pledged allegiance to Lancastrians and he had upset his brother Lord Montagu in the north by taking away his land of Northumberland
how did HVI’s restoration first begin
Neville family members rise in the North; Edward marched south Warwick marched North; EIV’s men deserted him as more men joined Warwick
what did EIV do in 1470 when Warwick landed in Devon
fled to Holland and protection of Burgundy
how was HVI restored by Warwick
Warwick freed him from the tower and became chief advisor due to HVIs mental state
what did HVI do in 1471 on LXI’s behalf and what was its outcome
declared war on Burgundy leading then to support EIV in reclaiming the throne
where did EIV go in 1471
landed in Ravenspur, admitted to York, marched south to London where gates were open to him
who supported EIV in his march in 1471
Northern earls eg Northumberland, the midlands, DoClarence
what happened to HVI in 1471
George Neville Archbishop of York attempted to raise Lancastrian support by parading HVI around city but HVI captured
what was the first battle of 1471
BoBarnet
what happened at BoBarnet
EIV repositioned army so Warwick’s army overshot, allies mistook EoOxfords livery for EIV’s livery and shit themselves so EIV took adv and deployed reserves
who was killed at Barnet
Lord Montagu and Warwick
what was the second battle of 1471
BoTewkesbury
what happened at the Battle of Tewkesbury
MoA, E PoW, Somerset, Exeter and Jasper Tudor denied access to Gloucester and easily defeated
who died at the battle of Tewkesbury
Edward PoW, Somerset executed and MoA captured and HVI died in tower
