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Yr 2 - GI & Metabolism > Stomach, Midgut and Associated Arteries - Anatomy > Flashcards

Stomach, Midgut and Associated Arteries - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where do we receive the oesophagus?

A

The cardiac region of stomach

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2
Q

What is the superior extension of the cardiac region? What is it normally filled with?

A

Fundus

Usually filled with gas

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3
Q

What is the main part of the stomach?

A

Body

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4
Q

What leads into the pylorus?

A

Pyloric antrum leads into the pylorus (muscular thickening)

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5
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Dictates gastric emptying into duodenum

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6
Q

What is pyloric sphincter controlled by?

A

Sympathetic nervous system and vagal fibres

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7
Q

What is effect of vagal fibre son pyloric sphincter?

A

They relax sphincter and allow food stuff in stomach to pass into duodenum

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8
Q

What attaches the lesser curvature to the liver?

A

Lesser omentum

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9
Q

What is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Greater omentum

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10
Q

Describe the internal surface of the stomach

A

Highly folded –> rugae

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11
Q

What is function of rugae?

A

o Folds act to increase SA of stomach so it can expand as food stuff enters
o Within rugae (folds), there is the gastric pits and cells that secrete acids and relevant enzymes

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12
Q

What are the left and right lobes of the liver separated by?

A

Falciform ligament (peritoneal ligament)

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13
Q

What is the anterior border of the lesser sac?

A

Peritoneum overlying posterior surface of stomach, also have lesser omentum on anterior aspect

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14
Q

What is the inferior border of the lesser sac?

A

Peritoneum covering pancreas and the transverse mesocolon, as well as the greater omentum (that would be projecting from greater curvature and closing off lesser sac)

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15
Q

What arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Gastro-epiploic arteries (left and right anastomose)

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16
Q

Where do the branches that supply the stomach come from?

A

Foregut structure –> coeliac trunk

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17
Q

Where does the TC go to/from?

A

Hepatic flexure to splenic flexure

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18
Q

What is the greater sac divided into? By what?

A

Supra and infracolic compartments by the transverse mesocolon

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19
Q

Where does the coeliac trunk arise?

A

T12

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20
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the coeliac trunk?

A
  1. Common hepatic artery
  2. Left gastric artery
  3. Splenic artery
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21
Q

What does the common hepatic artery branch into?

A
  1. Hepatic artery proper

2. Gastroduodenal artery (going to duodenum)

22
Q

What arteries supply the lesser curvature?

A

Gastric arteries (right and left anastomose at lesser curvature)

23
Q

What is the right gastric artery a branch of?

A

Hepatic proper

24
Q

What are the branches of the gastroduodenal artery?

A
  1. Right gastroepiploic

2. Superior pancreaticoduodenal

25
Q

Where does the left gastroepiploic come from?

A

Splenic artery

26
Q

Where does the splenic artery pass?

A

Posterior to stomach on superior aspect of pancreas (going towards spleen)

27
Q

What is the midgut supplied by?

A

SMA arising at L1

28
Q

What are the branches of the SMA?

A
  1. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  2. Jejunal and ileal arteries
  3. Middle and right colic arteries
  4. Ileocolic artery
29
Q

What direction do the jejunal and ileal arteries go?

A

Left

30
Q

What does the right colic artery supply?

A

Ascending colon and hepatic flexure of colon

31
Q

What does the ileocolic artery supply?

A

Distal part of ileum and caecum

32
Q

What do the jejunal and ileal arteries supply?

A

Jejunal and ileal loops

33
Q

Where does the appendicular artery come from?

A

Terminal branch of ileocolic artery (sometimes from the posterior cecal artery or an ileal artery)

34
Q

What does the appendicular artery supply?

A

Appendix

35
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

Supplies the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

36
Q

What is the middle colic artery a branch of?

A

SMA

37
Q

What is the marginal artery?

A

Acts as anastomotic loop along the inner border of the colon formed by the anastomoses of the terminal branches of the SMA and IMA

38
Q

What passes from the marginal artery to the colon?

A

Vasa recta

39
Q

What are appendices epiploicae / epiploic appendices? Where are they found?

A

Distinguishing feature of colon (easily seen in sigmoid)

Small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat situated along colon

40
Q

What are taeniae coli?

A

3 separate longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons

Run from appendix down to rectum

41
Q

This longitudinal muscle doesn’t go all the way around the colon but instead 3 bands of muscle either side. Why is this? What effect does it have?

A

Too short for length of colon

Forms a concertina effect –> end up with outpouchings of colon known as haustra (bubble part of colon)

42
Q

What is the duo-jejunal flexure?

A

Junction between jejunum and duodenum

43
Q

Is there a clear mark between jejunum and ileum?

A

No

44
Q

Describe size of jejunum compared to ileum?

A

Jejunum is a little bigger and wider than ileum

45
Q

What are plicae circulares?

A

Mucosal folds of the small intestine

46
Q

Where are plicae circulares found?

A

Lower part of duodenum and jejunum but considerably decrease in ileum

47
Q

Why do plicae circulares decrease in ileum?

A

Hopefully majority of foodstuffs has been reabsorbed here

48
Q

Compare fat in mesentery of ileum to jejunum?

A

More fat in mesentery of ileum compared to jejunum

49
Q

What supplies the jejunal and ileal loops?

A

Branches from SMA

50
Q

Compare blood supply of jejunum and ileum

A

By the time they reach jejunum and ileum, they form arterial arcades and vasa recta:

Jejunum –> Large arterial arcades, fewer. Longer vasa recta.

Ileum –> More small arterial arcades. Shorter vasa recta

51
Q

What is the hepatic flexure (right colic flexure)?

A

The sharp bend between the ascending colon and the transverse colon. The hepatic flexure lies in the right upper quadrant of the human abdomen.

52
Q

What is the splenic flexure?

A

The sharp bend between your transverse colon and descending colon in your upper abdomen. It’s situated next to your spleen

Yr 2 - GI & Metabolism (51 decks)

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