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Yr 2 - GI & Metabolism > Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the diagnostic features of anorexia nervosa?

A
  • Active maintenance of low body weight (<85% of expected weight or BMI = <17)
  • Extreme shape and weight concern
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2
Q

What are the physical signs of anorexia?

A
  • Low BP
  • Dizziness
  • Stomach pains
  • Hair falls out
  • Feeling cold/low body temperature
  • Swelling in feet, hands or face
  • Difficulty sleeping
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3
Q

How are mental disorders diagnosed?

A

Using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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4
Q

What was a new category to eating disorders diagnosis in DSM-5?

A
  1. Anorexia nervosa
  2. Bulimia nervosa
  3. Binge eating disorder (new)
  4. OSFED (Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorders) (new)
  5. AFRID (Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder)
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5
Q

What are the 2 types of anorexia nervosa?

A
  1. Restricting

2. Binge/purge

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6
Q

What is the sex ratio of anorexia?

A

95% female

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7
Q

What is the peak age of anorexia onset?

A

Between 15-18

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8
Q

What are the signs of anorexia?

A
  1. Behavioural (avoiding food they think is fattening, excessive exercising, lies)
  2. Psychological (depression, anxiety, social withdrawal)
  3. Cognitive and social (obsessive, pre-occupation with weight, thinking they are overweight)
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9
Q

What is an objective/subjective binge?

A

Objective - eating amount of food considered larger by ‘normal’ people

‘Subjective’ - eating amount of food considered larger by person with anorexia

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10
Q

Physical signs of anorexia?

A
  • Low bp
  • Growth of downy hair all over body
  • Hair falls out
  • Swelling in feet, hands, face
  • Stomach pains
  • Difficulty concentrating
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11
Q

What is the Minnesota starvation experiment?

A

Put normal people on starvation diet for 24 weeks (lost 25% of body weight)

Interested in different refeeding diets

Symptoms of starvation very similar to those of anorexia

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12
Q

What is bulimia nervosa?

A
  • Recurrent binge eating (large amounts quickly, loss of control
  • Compensatory behaviour (vomiting, fasting, exercise, laxatives)
  • Extreme shape and weight concern

Binge frequency at least 1/week for 3 months

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13
Q

When is the peak onset of bulimia nervosa?

A

Late adolescence, young adult

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14
Q

What is the sex ratio of bulimia nervosa?

A

95% female

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15
Q

What are the impairments of bulimia nervosa?

A
  • Complications of purging (e.g. tooth decay, oesophageal tears)
  • Psychological
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16
Q

What are the physical signs of bulimia nervosa?

A
  • Electrolyte abnormalities (lack of magnesium, sodium)
  • Swelling of hands and feet
  • Enlarged salivary glands
  • Constipation
  • Lethargy
  • Amenorrhea
  • Gastric problems – feeling bloated
17
Q

How does a ‘binge eating disorder’ differ?

A
  • Recurrent binge eating – large amounts quickly, loss of control
  • Marked distress regarding binge eating
    BUT
  • No compensatory behaviour

Often seen in obesity and weight management services

18
Q

What terms are used for those who don’t meet the threshold for anorexia/bulimia etc?

A

Disordered eating, eating difficulties

19
Q

What are the risk factors for the development of eating disorders?

A 
Perfectionism
Family history
Mental health problems
History significant dieting
Being part of sport/activity where there is emphasis on appearance
20
Q

What is the main pathway to ED?

A

Dieting

Moderate dieting at 15 = 5x more likely to develop ED
Severe dieting at 15 = 18x more likely

21
Q

What are the specific risk factors of ED?

A

Body dissatisfaction risk factors –> negative body image, weight preoccupation, dieting –> ED

22
Q

What are the non-specific risk factors of ED?

A

Self-regualtory risk factors –> trauma, parental psychopathology/insensitivity –> low self-esteem, insecure attachment, affective dysregulation –> non-eating disordered psychopathy –> ED

23
Q

What can influence EDs in adolescences?

A
  • Peer impression management (conforming, socially normative dieting)
  • Food autonomy from parents (refusing parental control)
24
Q

How are food and mood regulation connected?

A
  • Mood lifted by consumption of good tasting, high energy food
  • +ve (-ve?) reinforcement
  • cravings triggered by –ve mood
25
Q

What can drive stopping eating?

A

When external events feel outside personal control e.g. response to an argument
- to influence others e.g. to show feelings of distress, defiance, or anger

26
Q

What can drive binge eating and purging?

A
  • Regulate negative emotional states
  • Escape from aversive self-awareness
    reinforcing and self-maintaining
27
Q

What are the stages of treatment?

A
  1. Weight management
  2. Psychological therapies e.g CBT-e (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy), Guided Self Help
  3. Relapse prevention
28
Q

What is the main approach for children and young people?

A

FBT - Family Based Therapy

29
Q

What is the course of disordered eating?

A
  • Single, short crisis (recovery more likely)

- Chronic, intractable disorder

30
Q

Essential things to remember

A
  • Eating disorders may not be the primary problem but develop as a way of managing the problem
  • ‘you look healthy’ = you look fat

Yr 2 - GI & Metabolism (51 decks)

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