Duodenum, Pancreas, Spleen - Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?
- Superior
- Descending
- Horizontal/inferior
- Ascending
What is the ascending part of the duodenum held in place by?
Ligament of treitz
What is the ligament of treitz used surgically for?
To differentiate between duodenum and ileum
Where does the head of the pancreas reside?
In the C-shape of the duodenum
What is the uncinate process an extension of?
Head of pancreas
What is posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
SMV and SMA –> emerge just deep to pancreas and pas anterior to 3rd part of duodenum
Where is the splenic artery found?
Superior aspect of pancreas
Where do structures enter and leave the liver?
Porta hepatis
What structures enter and leave the liver?
- Hepatic artery proper
- Common bile duct
- Hepatic portal vein
How is the common bile duct formed?
By hepatic duct (from liver) and cystic duct (from gall bladder)
What level is transverse mesocolon found?
At level of pancreas –> leaves posterior wall to surround TC
What ribs is the spleen closely related to?
9-11
What is function of spleen?
Identifying and removing destroyed or expended RBCs and platelets
What is the tail of the pancreas closely related to?
Hilum of spleen
What is the hilum of the spleen?
Where structures enter and leave the spleen (splenic artery, splenic vein)
How is the splenic artery easily identifiable?
Very tortuous along path (wiggly)
Where is the splenic vein found?
Inferior aspect of pancreas
What does the IMV join after draining hindgut? What does this then join?
IMV joins splenic vein, then joins SMV to form portal vein
Describe superior and anterior edge of spleen compared to posterior and inferior?
Superior and anterior edge of spleen has a nodular surface in comparison to posterior and inferior edges (usually quite rounded)
What are the surfaces of the spleen?
- Gastric
- Colic
- Renal
Is the spleen intra or retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal (formed within dorsal mesentery)
What does presence of spleen split dorsal mesentery into?
2 peritoneal ligaments:
- Splenorenal / lienorenal ligament
- Gastrosplenic ligament
Where is the splenorenal/lienorenal ligament?
From spleen to kidney
Where is the gastrosplenic ligament?
Between stomach and spleen
Is the tail of the spleen intra or retroperitoneal? Why?
Intraperitoneal –> resides mainly within lienorenal ligament
Is majority of pancreas intra or retroperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal (except tail)
Where does the uncinate process loop in relation to the SM vessels?
Loops posterior to the SM vessels
Is the duodenum intra or retroperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal (except 1st part)
Why is 1st part of duodenum intraperitoneal?
Attached to liver by lesser omentum, specifically the hepatogastric ligament
Where do secretions from the biliary system and pancreas enter GI tract?
2nd part of duodenum (also where we change from foregut to midgut)
What does the major pancreatic duct meet?
Meets the common bile duct
Where does the major pancreatic duct meet the common bile duct?
At the pancreatic ampulla / ampulla of Vater
What is the ampulla of Vater controlled by?
Sphincter of Oddi
What does the sphincter of Oddi control?
Controls flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through ducts from the liver and pancreas into the duodenum (2nd part of duodenum)
What is the major duodenal papilla? Where is it?
Raised area of mucosa at which secretions enter into the duodenum
2nd part of duodenum
Where does the minor pancreatic duct empty into?
Into duodenum (at minor duodenal papilla)
