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Yr 2 - GI & Metabolism > Hindgut - Anatomy > Flashcards

Hindgut - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What supplies the blood to the hindgut?

A

IMA

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2
Q

Is the abdominal aorta intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal (lying on posterior wall)

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3
Q

What does the right colic artery supply?

A

Ascending colon and hepatic flexure

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4
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

Some of hepatic flexure, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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5
Q

Where is the SMV? Where does it always sit?

A

Always to the right of the SMA (and by right I mean left when looking at it)

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6
Q

What is the function of the SMV?

A

Drains structures of the midgut

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7
Q

What is the ascending part of the duodenum held in place by?

A

Small peritoneal ligament –> ligament of treitz

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8
Q

Where does the SMA and SMV emerge?

A

Around L1, deep to neck of pancreas (trans-pyloric plane)

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9
Q

What is the falciform ligament a remnant of?

A

Ventral mesentery

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10
Q

What is the remnant of the umbilical vein?

A

Round ligament of the liver

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11
Q

Where does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

T10

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12
Q

Where does the thoracic aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

T12

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13
Q

Where does the vena cava pas through the diaphragm?

A

T8

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14
Q

What is found at the inferior aspect of the falciform ligament?

A

Thickened structure –> ligamentum teres

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15
Q

As the falciform ligament progresses towards the diaphragm, what does it split into?

A

Right and left coronary segments which leave liver and attach to inferior surface of diaphragm

Peritoneum also reflects off the posterior surface

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16
Q

If you slide your hand just inferior to the diaphragm in the sub-phrenic recess, why can your hand not go all the way around the liver?

A

Due to coronary ligaments reflecting off liver and attaching to diaphragm

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17
Q

What are the 4 anatomical lobes of the liver? What do you need to look at to appreciate these lobes?

A

Look at the visceral surface:

  • Right lobe
  • Left lobe
  • Caudate lobe
  • Quadrate lobe
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18
Q

Where do structures enter and leave the liver?

A

Porta hepatis

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19
Q

What is it called when the peritoneum reflects off the liver on the posterior surface and attaches to the diaphragm?

A

Posterior coronary ligament

20
Q

At the lateral edge, the posterior and anterior coronary ligaments merge. Where do they merge?

A

Right and left triangular ligaments

21
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

As the peritoneum comes off the liver, there is a region of the liver that is devoid of visceral peritoneum (duller and more roughened)

22
Q

How many segments can the liver be split into?

A

8

23
Q

What does each segment of the liver recieve?

A

Its own arterial blood supply, own venous supply, own duct system for secreting bile (biliary system)

24
Q

What does the hepatic vein drain into?

A

IVC

25
Q

Where is the portal triad contained?

A

Free edge of lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament)

26
Q

What structures are found within the portal triad?

A
  • Hepatic artery proper
  • Common bile duct
  • Portal vein
27
Q

What forms the common bile around?

A

From the gall bladder, the cystic duct (bottom) meets the hepatic duct (top) to form the common bile duct

28
Q

Where does the cystic artery come from?

A

Right hepatic artery

29
Q

What does the cystic artery?

A

Gall bladder

30
Q

What is the hepatoportal vein a combination of?

A

Majority of the veins coming from the GI tract –> splenic vein, IMV, SMV

31
Q

Where is the splenic artery found?

A

Superior aspect of pancreas

32
Q

Where is the splenic vein found?

A

Inferior aspect of pancreas

33
Q

Where does the IMV drain into?

A

Drains hindgut into splenic vein

34
Q

What is the hepatoportal vein formed by?

A

IMV, SMV, splenic (IMV drains hindgut, meeting splenic vein that then meets with SMV)

35
Q

What also drains into hepatoportal vein (small contribution)?

A

Short gastric vein

36
Q

Are the inferior mesenteric vessels intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

37
Q

What are the branches of the IMA?

A
  1. Left colic
  2. Sigmoidal
  3. Superior rectal
38
Q

What is the anastomotic loops between IMA and SMA?

A

Marginal artery

39
Q

What does the middle colic join with to form marginal artery?

A

Some branches of the left colic

40
Q

What is importance of marginal artery in times of decreased blood supply in IMA (e.g. during aneurysm)?

A

Can still provide hindgut with arterial blood via marginal artery which receives blood from SMA

41
Q

What does the left colic artery supply?

A

The descending colon and splenic flexure

42
Q

What vertebral level does the sigmoid colon meet the rectum? What is this junction called?

A

S3

Rectosigmoid junction

43
Q

What is a portosystemic anastomosis?

A

Collateral communication between portal and systemic venous system

44
Q

What is cause of varices?

A

An increase in blood within vein (hypertension) causes them to become swollen or enlarged

45
Q

What can portal hypertension lead to?

A

Blood that usually courses to liver (portal system) now courses to IVC (systemic system) causing an enlargement of these vessels

46
Q

How can portal hypertension affect the ligamentum teres?

A

Can cause it to reopen

47
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A

Remnant of umbilical vein –> round ligament of the liver (thickened structure at posterior aspect of falciform ligament)

Yr 2 - GI & Metabolism (51 decks)

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