Stomach & Intestines Flashcards
Where do submucosal veins of inferior esophagus drain to?
portal & systemic venous systems —>creates anastomoses
what is esophageal varices?
enlargement of the submucosal veins from portal hypertension
what kind of people are likely to have esophageal varices?
alcoholics
what is pyrosis?
-heartburn -associated with hiatal hernia
what is gastroesophageal reflux disorder?
regurgitation of small food or gastric fluid into lower esophagus
displacement of the stomach indicates?
pancreatic pseudo-cysts or abscesses in omental bursa (pancreatitis)
what is a hiatal hernia?
protrusion of stomach into mediastinum through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm
what is pylorospasm & what does it cause?
-spasmodic contraction of pylorus -causes vomiting
what is congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
thickening of smooth muscle in pylorus
what is a gastrectomy? why can arteries in this area be ligated?
- removal of stomach
- large anastomoses in stomach/greater omentum, so arteries can be taken out with stomach without causing necrosis to greater omentum
which lymph nodes are important to remove during gastrectomy because of stomach cancer?
pyloric lymph nodes & right gastro-omental lymph nodes
what are gastric ulcers?
open lesions of mucosa of stomach
what is a peptic ulcer?
lesions of the mucosa of pyloric canal or duodenum
what can peptic ulcers develop from?
severe chronic anxiety
what controls the secretion of acid from parietal cells of stomach?
vagus nerve
what is done to reduce the amount of acid production in the stomach?
vagotomy
referred back pain can indicate?
posterior gastric ulcer that has eroded through stomach wall into pancreas
what’s important about the duodenum being secondarily retroperitoneal?
duodenum and pancreas can be separated from retroperitoneal viscera without damaging their blood supply
why are the paraduodenal fold and fossa important?
places where intestine can be strangulated (paraduodenal hernia)
what vessels must be watched for during a repair of a paraduodenal hernia?
- branches of inferior mesenteric artery/vein
- ascending branches of left colic artery
what does occlusion of the vasa recta cause?
ischemia of the intestine–>necrosis–>ileus (obstruction of intestine)
what is an ileal (Meckel) diverticulum?
- congenital, remnant of omphaloenteric duct
- may mimick appendicitis
what is appendicitis?
- acute inflammation of the appendix
- sudden severe abdominal pain
acute infection of appendix can result in?
- thrombosis in appendicular artery
- ischemia, gangrene, perforation of inflamed appendix
rupture of appendix causes?
- peritonitis & abdominal rigidity
- fix pain by flexion of right thigh
what is an appendectomy?
surgical removal of appendix @ McBurney’s Point
what is volvulus of the colon & how does it occur?
- obstruction of colon from twisting
- occurs when inferior ascending colon has a mesentery
what is a cecopexy?
fixation of a the tenia coli of cecum and proximal ascending colon to abdominal wall
what is ulcerative colitis (Crohn’s Disease)?
chronic inflammation of colon
what is a colectomy?
removal of terminal ileum, colon, rectum, & anal canal are removed
what are ileostomy/colostomy?
procedure that makes an artificial opening of the ileum/colon through the anterolateral abdominal wall
what is a colonoscopy?
way to observe interior of colon through anus/rectum
what is diverticulosis?
- diverticula develop along outside of intestine
- common in sigmoid colon
volvulus of the sigmoid colon causes?
- obstruction of descending colon
- constipation
- ischemia of descending colon –> fecal impaction
- necrosis
