Anterior/Medial Thigh Flashcards
what’s an avulsion fracture of the hip bone?
a piece of bone attached to a ligament or tendon that breaks off the pelvis
where do avulsion fractures occur?
apophyses (where muscles attach)
what is coxa vara?
when the angle of inclination between the long axis of femoral neck and the femoral shaft is decreased
what is coxa valga?
when the angle of inclination is increased
what causes a mild shortening of the lower limb and limits passive abduction of the hip?
coxa vara
what part of the femur is commonly fractured?
neck of the femur
what kinds of fractures can cause vascular trauma due to degeneration of the femoral head?
intracapsular fractures (in hip joint)
what is a spiral fracture?
fracture of the femur shaft
what should be considered with a knee fracture?
compromised blood supply to the leg due to a distal femur fracture
what is the most frequently fractured area of the tibia?
at the junction of the middle and inferior thirds (narrowest)
what fractures are associated with limb shortening?
diagonal fracture of tibia and fracture of the fibula
what is Osgood-Schlatter disease?
disruption of the epiphysial plate at the tibial tuberocity causes inflammation and chronic pain during adolescence
fibular fractures are often associated with?
fractures/dislocations of the ankle joint
which bone is a common source of bone grafting?
fibula
what structure is important to note when using the fibula as a graft source?
nutrient foramen (middle third of fibula)
what site is used for intramedullary infusion in dehydrated or shocked children?
anterior tibia (subcutaneous location)
a calcaneal fracture disrupts which joint?
talocalcaneal joint
severe dorsiflexion of the foot can cause?
fractures of the talar neck
violent inversion of the foot can cause?
avulsion fracture of the tuberocity of the 5th metatarsal
what is an os trigonum?
accessory ossicle from applied stress during early teens
how does an os trigonum form?
failure of the lateral tuberacle of the talus to unite with the body of the talus
trauma to lower limb structures including hemorrhage, edema, inflammation causes?
increased intracompartmental pressure (compartment syndromes)
the great saphenous vein is prone to?
varicosity
what can cause deep venous thrombosis?
venous stasis (stagnation)
what causes venous stasis
- loose fascia
- external pressure on veins (cast)
- muscular inactivity
what is thromboplebitis?
DVT with inflammation of involved veins
what is a pulmonary thromboembolism?
breakage of DVT that clogs pulmonary artery; can cause death
what vessel is usually used for coronary arterial bypass?
great saphenous vein
what is a saphenous cutdown?
skin incision anterior to medial malleolus to locate the great saphenous vein
what structure should be preserved during a saphenous cutdown?
saphenous nerve (follows vein)
what is lymphandenopathy?
moderate enlargement of lymph nodes from pathogenic micro-organisms
enlarged inguinal lymph nodes can be a sign of what in females?
metastatic uterine cancer
where would a femoral nerve block be injected?
2 cm inferior to inguinal ligament (finger’s width later to femoral artery)
if a femoral nerve block affects the saphenous nerve, what happens?
paresthesia to knee and medial side of leg
what and where is a hip pointer?
contusion of iliac crest at ASIS, AIIS, & pubic tuberacle
what is chondromalacia patellae?
runner’s knee from quadriceps imbalance
how does a transverse patellar fracture occur?
blow to knee or sudden contraction of quads
ossification abnormalities in the patella cause?
bipartite or tripartite patella
the patellar tendon reflex tests which nerves?
femoral nerve and L2-L4 spinal cord segments
which muscle is used for transplantation?
gracilis (weak adductor)
ossified tendons are generally found in which muscle?
adductor longus (horse riders)
where is the femoral pulse felt?
midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis
what is a left cardial angiography?
catheter placed in femoral to left ventricle
blood gas analysis is taken from which vessel?
femoral
what is an arteriovenous shunt?
communication of femoral vein and artery due to trauma
what is the cruciate anastomosis?
anastomosis of medial and lateral circumflex femoral with inferior gluteal
what is a saphenous varix?
localized dilation of terminal part of great saphenous vein
a saphenous varix can cause?
edema in femoral triangle (usually occurs with varicose veins)
a catheter in the femoral vein is used for?
right cardiac angiography
femoral venous puncture is used for?
administration of fluids
where does a femoral hernia occur?
femoral ring
femoral hernias can result in?
strangulation and necrosis of intestine
an accessory obturator artery arises from?
inferior epigastric
an accessory obturator artery must be preserved in?
repair of inguinal or femoral hernias
