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Anatomy Exam 2 Blue Boxes > Anterior/Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior/Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what’s an avulsion fracture of the hip bone?

A

a piece of bone attached to a ligament or tendon that breaks off the pelvis

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2
Q

where do avulsion fractures occur?

A

apophyses (where muscles attach)

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3
Q

what is coxa vara?

A

when the angle of inclination between the long axis of femoral neck and the femoral shaft is decreased

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4
Q

what is coxa valga?

A

when the angle of inclination is increased

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5
Q

what causes a mild shortening of the lower limb and limits passive abduction of the hip?

A

coxa vara

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6
Q

what part of the femur is commonly fractured?

A

neck of the femur

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7
Q

what kinds of fractures can cause vascular trauma due to degeneration of the femoral head?

A

intracapsular fractures (in hip joint)

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8
Q

what is a spiral fracture?

A

fracture of the femur shaft

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9
Q

what should be considered with a knee fracture?

A

compromised blood supply to the leg due to a distal femur fracture

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10
Q

what is the most frequently fractured area of the tibia?

A

at the junction of the middle and inferior thirds (narrowest)

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11
Q

what fractures are associated with limb shortening?

A

diagonal fracture of tibia and fracture of the fibula

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12
Q

what is Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

disruption of the epiphysial plate at the tibial tuberocity causes inflammation and chronic pain during adolescence

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13
Q

fibular fractures are often associated with?

A

fractures/dislocations of the ankle joint

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14
Q

which bone is a common source of bone grafting?

A

fibula

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15
Q

what structure is important to note when using the fibula as a graft source?

A

nutrient foramen (middle third of fibula)

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16
Q

what site is used for intramedullary infusion in dehydrated or shocked children?

A

anterior tibia (subcutaneous location)

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17
Q

a calcaneal fracture disrupts which joint?

A

talocalcaneal joint

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18
Q

severe dorsiflexion of the foot can cause?

A

fractures of the talar neck

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19
Q

violent inversion of the foot can cause?

A

avulsion fracture of the tuberocity of the 5th metatarsal

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20
Q

what is an os trigonum?

A

accessory ossicle from applied stress during early teens

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21
Q

how does an os trigonum form?

A

failure of the lateral tuberacle of the talus to unite with the body of the talus

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22
Q

trauma to lower limb structures including hemorrhage, edema, inflammation causes?

A

increased intracompartmental pressure (compartment syndromes)

23
Q

the great saphenous vein is prone to?

A

varicosity

24
Q

what can cause deep venous thrombosis?

A

venous stasis (stagnation)

25
Q

what causes venous stasis

A
  • loose fascia
  • external pressure on veins (cast)
  • muscular inactivity
26
Q

what is thromboplebitis?

A

DVT with inflammation of involved veins

27
Q

what is a pulmonary thromboembolism?

A

breakage of DVT that clogs pulmonary artery; can cause death

28
Q

what vessel is usually used for coronary arterial bypass?

A

great saphenous vein

29
Q

what is a saphenous cutdown?

A

skin incision anterior to medial malleolus to locate the great saphenous vein

30
Q

what structure should be preserved during a saphenous cutdown?

A

saphenous nerve (follows vein)

31
Q

what is lymphandenopathy?

A

moderate enlargement of lymph nodes from pathogenic micro-organisms

32
Q

enlarged inguinal lymph nodes can be a sign of what in females?

A

metastatic uterine cancer

33
Q

where would a femoral nerve block be injected?

A

2 cm inferior to inguinal ligament (finger’s width later to femoral artery)

34
Q

if a femoral nerve block affects the saphenous nerve, what happens?

A

paresthesia to knee and medial side of leg

35
Q

what and where is a hip pointer?

A

contusion of iliac crest at ASIS, AIIS, & pubic tuberacle

36
Q

what is chondromalacia patellae?

A

runner’s knee from quadriceps imbalance

37
Q

how does a transverse patellar fracture occur?

A

blow to knee or sudden contraction of quads

38
Q

ossification abnormalities in the patella cause?

A

bipartite or tripartite patella

39
Q

the patellar tendon reflex tests which nerves?

A

femoral nerve and L2-L4 spinal cord segments

40
Q

which muscle is used for transplantation?

A

gracilis (weak adductor)

41
Q

ossified tendons are generally found in which muscle?

A

adductor longus (horse riders)

42
Q

where is the femoral pulse felt?

A

midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis

43
Q

what is a left cardial angiography?

A

catheter placed in femoral to left ventricle

44
Q

blood gas analysis is taken from which vessel?

A

femoral

45
Q

what is an arteriovenous shunt?

A

communication of femoral vein and artery due to trauma

46
Q

what is the cruciate anastomosis?

A

anastomosis of medial and lateral circumflex femoral with inferior gluteal

47
Q

what is a saphenous varix?

A

localized dilation of terminal part of great saphenous vein

48
Q

a saphenous varix can cause?

A

edema in femoral triangle (usually occurs with varicose veins)

49
Q

a catheter in the femoral vein is used for?

A

right cardiac angiography

50
Q

femoral venous puncture is used for?

A

administration of fluids

51
Q

where does a femoral hernia occur?

A

femoral ring

52
Q

femoral hernias can result in?

A

strangulation and necrosis of intestine

53
Q

an accessory obturator artery arises from?

A

inferior epigastric

54
Q

an accessory obturator artery must be preserved in?

A

repair of inguinal or femoral hernias

Anatomy Exam 2 Blue Boxes (11 decks)

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