Gluteal & Posterior Thigh/Leg Flashcards
what is trochanteric bursitis?
inflammation of trochanteric bursa
where does pain from trochanteric bursitis occur?
deep diffuse pain in lateral thigh region (iliotibial tract) & point tenderness over greater trochanter
how does ichial bursitis occur?
recurrent trauma to ischial bursa from repetitive hip extension while seated
what are pressure sores?
calcification in ischial bursa from chronic bursitis (from bearing body weight)
what is a hamstring strain?
tear of proximal hamstring muscle attachments from ischial tuberocity
how does an avulsion of ischial tuberocity occur?
forcible flexion of thigh while knee is extended (kicking football)
gluteus medius limp suggests?
injury to superior gluteal nerve
what is a gluteal gait?
compensatory list of body to weakened gluteal side
what is the trendelenburg test?
when a person stands on one leg (affected leg) the pelvis drops if superior gluteal nerve is injured
what causes foot drop?
injury to common fibular nerve
where is an anesthetic block to sciatic nerve given?
a few cms inferior to midpoint of line joining PSIS and superior border of greater trochanter
what is piriformis syndrome?
compression of sciatic nerve by piriformis muscle
surgery or trauma to the medial side of the sciatic nerve can cause?
paralysis of hamstring muscles
what’s a common site for IM injections of drugs?
gluteal region - superolateral side
politeal abscesses spread which directions?
superior and inferior due to its toughness
weakening or loss of popliteal pulse is a sign of?
femoral artery obstruction
how can a popliteal aneursym be differentiated from a tumor or abscess?
palpable pulsations (thrills) and abnormal arterial sounds (bruits)
a popliteal aneurysm can cause?
stretch the tibial nerve or compress its blood supply (vasa vasorum)
fractures of distal femur or knee dislocations can cause?
rupture of popliteal artery
injury to the popliteal artery and vein can cause?
ateriovenous fistula which can cause loss of the leg or foot if undetected
how can the femoral communicate with the popliteal artery if its ligated?
through genicular anastomoses
posterior dislocation of knee joint can cause?
damage to tibial nerve
where do inflammations of the anterior and posterior fascial compartments spread?
distally
where do purulent (pus-forming) infections in lateral compartment spread?
proximally to popliteal fossa (courses with fibular nerve)
how do you relieve pressure in a compartment?
fasciotomy
what is a shin splint?
edema and pain in distal two thirds of tibia
how do shin splints occur?
microtrauma to tibialis anterior
shin splints are a mild form of?
anterior compartment syndrome
where is the common fibular nerve most often injured?
lower limb (superficially)
if the common fibular nerve is severed, what happens?
flaccid paralysis of all muscles in anterior and lateral compartments of the leg (foot drop)
excessive use of muscles supplied by deep fibular nerve can cause?
compression of deep fibular nerve & pain in anterior compartment (ski boot syndrome)
chronic ankle sprains can cause?
recurrent stretching of superficial fibular nerve –> pain in lateral compartment of leg
what is a fabella in the lateral head of the gastrocnemius?
sesamoid bone that articulates with lateral femoral condyle
inflammation of the calcaneal tendon is called?
calcaneal tendinitis
calcaneal tendinitis can cause?
rupture of calcaneal tendon
what muscles are affected in a rupture of the calcaneal tendon?
gastrocnemius, soleus, & plantaris
what is the calcaneal tendon reflex?
striking of the calcaneal tendon just proximal to calcaneus that tests the S1 and S2 nerve roots
where does a gastrocnemius strain (tennis leg) occur?
at or near its musculotendinous junction
how does calcaneal bursitis occur?
inflammation of deep calcaneal bursa
where would an accessory soleus be?
distal belly of soleus medial to calcaneal tendon
an accessory soleus can cause?
pain and edema during prolonged exercise
where can the posterior tibial pulse be palpated?
between posterior surface of medial malleolus and medial border of calcaneal tendon
what has to happen to be able to feel the posterior tibial pulse?
inversion of the foot to relax the flexor retinaculum
palpation of the posterior tibial pulse is essential for which disease?
occlusive peripheral arterial disease
what is plantar fascitis?
inflammation of the plantar fascia
what causes planter fascitis?
overuse (most common hind-foot problem in runners)
what is a calcaneal spur?
bone development on medial tuberacle of calcaneus
which nerve is often used for nerve grafts?
sural nerves
anesthetic block of which nerve is used for surgery on the dorsum of the foot?
superficial fibular nerve (becomes cutaneous)
the plantar reflex tests which nerves?
L4, L5, S1, & S2 nerve roots
what is the babinski sign?
slight fanning of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of great toe during plantar reflex (abnormal)
what does a babinski sign indicate?
brain injury or cerebral disease (accept in infants)
what is jogger’s foot?
medial planter nerve compression
what are the 5 P’s of acute arterial occlusion?
pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, and pulselessness
the dorsalis pedis artery is _____ to the extensor hallicus longus?
lateral
infections of the lateral foot can cause?
popliteal lymphadenopathy
infection of the medial side of the foot can cause?
inguinal lymphadenopathy
