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Anatomy Exam 2 Blue Boxes > Gluteal & Posterior Thigh/Leg > Flashcards

Gluteal & Posterior Thigh/Leg Flashcards

1
Q

what is trochanteric bursitis?

A

inflammation of trochanteric bursa

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2
Q

where does pain from trochanteric bursitis occur?

A

deep diffuse pain in lateral thigh region (iliotibial tract) & point tenderness over greater trochanter

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3
Q

how does ichial bursitis occur?

A

recurrent trauma to ischial bursa from repetitive hip extension while seated

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4
Q

what are pressure sores?

A

calcification in ischial bursa from chronic bursitis (from bearing body weight)

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5
Q

what is a hamstring strain?

A

tear of proximal hamstring muscle attachments from ischial tuberocity

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6
Q

how does an avulsion of ischial tuberocity occur?

A

forcible flexion of thigh while knee is extended (kicking football)

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7
Q

gluteus medius limp suggests?

A

injury to superior gluteal nerve

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8
Q

what is a gluteal gait?

A

compensatory list of body to weakened gluteal side

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9
Q

what is the trendelenburg test?

A

when a person stands on one leg (affected leg) the pelvis drops if superior gluteal nerve is injured

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10
Q

what causes foot drop?

A

injury to common fibular nerve

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11
Q

where is an anesthetic block to sciatic nerve given?

A

a few cms inferior to midpoint of line joining PSIS and superior border of greater trochanter

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12
Q

what is piriformis syndrome?

A

compression of sciatic nerve by piriformis muscle

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13
Q

surgery or trauma to the medial side of the sciatic nerve can cause?

A

paralysis of hamstring muscles

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14
Q

what’s a common site for IM injections of drugs?

A

gluteal region - superolateral side

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15
Q

politeal abscesses spread which directions?

A

superior and inferior due to its toughness

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16
Q

weakening or loss of popliteal pulse is a sign of?

A

femoral artery obstruction

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17
Q

how can a popliteal aneursym be differentiated from a tumor or abscess?

A

palpable pulsations (thrills) and abnormal arterial sounds (bruits)

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18
Q

a popliteal aneurysm can cause?

A

stretch the tibial nerve or compress its blood supply (vasa vasorum)

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19
Q

fractures of distal femur or knee dislocations can cause?

A

rupture of popliteal artery

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20
Q

injury to the popliteal artery and vein can cause?

A

ateriovenous fistula which can cause loss of the leg or foot if undetected

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21
Q

how can the femoral communicate with the popliteal artery if its ligated?

A

through genicular anastomoses

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22
Q

posterior dislocation of knee joint can cause?

A

damage to tibial nerve

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23
Q

where do inflammations of the anterior and posterior fascial compartments spread?

A

distally

24
Q

where do purulent (pus-forming) infections in lateral compartment spread?

A

proximally to popliteal fossa (courses with fibular nerve)

25
Q

how do you relieve pressure in a compartment?

A

fasciotomy

26
Q

what is a shin splint?

A

edema and pain in distal two thirds of tibia

27
Q

how do shin splints occur?

A

microtrauma to tibialis anterior

28
Q

shin splints are a mild form of?

A

anterior compartment syndrome

29
Q

where is the common fibular nerve most often injured?

A

lower limb (superficially)

30
Q

if the common fibular nerve is severed, what happens?

A

flaccid paralysis of all muscles in anterior and lateral compartments of the leg (foot drop)

31
Q

excessive use of muscles supplied by deep fibular nerve can cause?

A

compression of deep fibular nerve & pain in anterior compartment (ski boot syndrome)

32
Q

chronic ankle sprains can cause?

A

recurrent stretching of superficial fibular nerve –> pain in lateral compartment of leg

33
Q

what is a fabella in the lateral head of the gastrocnemius?

A

sesamoid bone that articulates with lateral femoral condyle

34
Q

inflammation of the calcaneal tendon is called?

A

calcaneal tendinitis

35
Q

calcaneal tendinitis can cause?

A

rupture of calcaneal tendon

36
Q

what muscles are affected in a rupture of the calcaneal tendon?

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, & plantaris

37
Q

what is the calcaneal tendon reflex?

A

striking of the calcaneal tendon just proximal to calcaneus that tests the S1 and S2 nerve roots

38
Q

where does a gastrocnemius strain (tennis leg) occur?

A

at or near its musculotendinous junction

39
Q

how does calcaneal bursitis occur?

A

inflammation of deep calcaneal bursa

40
Q

where would an accessory soleus be?

A

distal belly of soleus medial to calcaneal tendon

41
Q

an accessory soleus can cause?

A

pain and edema during prolonged exercise

42
Q

where can the posterior tibial pulse be palpated?

A

between posterior surface of medial malleolus and medial border of calcaneal tendon

43
Q

what has to happen to be able to feel the posterior tibial pulse?

A

inversion of the foot to relax the flexor retinaculum

44
Q

palpation of the posterior tibial pulse is essential for which disease?

A

occlusive peripheral arterial disease

45
Q

what is plantar fascitis?

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia

46
Q

what causes planter fascitis?

A

overuse (most common hind-foot problem in runners)

47
Q

what is a calcaneal spur?

A

bone development on medial tuberacle of calcaneus

48
Q

which nerve is often used for nerve grafts?

A

sural nerves

49
Q

anesthetic block of which nerve is used for surgery on the dorsum of the foot?

A

superficial fibular nerve (becomes cutaneous)

50
Q

the plantar reflex tests which nerves?

A

L4, L5, S1, & S2 nerve roots

51
Q

what is the babinski sign?

A

slight fanning of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of great toe during plantar reflex (abnormal)

52
Q

what does a babinski sign indicate?

A

brain injury or cerebral disease (accept in infants)

53
Q

what is jogger’s foot?

A

medial planter nerve compression

54
Q

what are the 5 P’s of acute arterial occlusion?

A

pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, and pulselessness

55
Q

the dorsalis pedis artery is _____ to the extensor hallicus longus?

A

lateral

56
Q

infections of the lateral foot can cause?

A

popliteal lymphadenopathy

57
Q

infection of the medial side of the foot can cause?

A

inguinal lymphadenopathy

Anatomy Exam 2 Blue Boxes (11 decks)

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