Posterior Wall Flashcards
what prevents a perinephric abscess from spreading to the other kidney?
renal fascia, unless the kidney is injured/infected
if nephroptosis occurs, do the adrenal glands move also?
no, adrenal glands have a separate fascial compartment & are attached to diaphragm
what is an ectopic kidney?
congenital misplaced kidney
how can you determine nephroptosis from ectopic kidney?
nephroptosis will have a ureter that’s loose and coiled
why are transplanted kidneys placed in iliac fossa?
lack of inferior support in lumbar region, greater access to blood vessels, convenient access to bladder
how is chronic renal failure treated?
renal transplant
polycystic disease of the kidneys is an important cause of?
renal failure
extension of which muscle can increase pain caused by inflammation of in the pararenal area?
psoas
accessory renal vessels occur because?
failure of embryonic vessels to degenerate when the kidney ascends during development
where can the renal vein become entrapped?
between the superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta
renal vein entrapment syndrome can cause?
-hematuria/proteinuria -abdominal pain/vomiting (compression of duodenum) -left testicular pain in men (varicocele)
incomplete division of the ureteric bud results in?
bifid ureter
complete division of the ureteric bud results in?
supernumerary kidney
what is a retrocaval ureter?
ureter that passes posterior to IVC & comes back to attach at bladder
how does a horseshoe kidney occur?
fusion of the inferior poles of the kidneys
what vertebral level is a horseshoe kidney?
L1-L3 because inferior mesenteric artery prevents normal relocation of kidney
failure of a kidney to ascend during development causes?
ectopic pelvic kidney
what is a renal calculus?
kidney stone
where can a renal calculus become lodged?
calices of kidneys, ureters, or bladder
disturbal of the phrenic nerve causes?
hiccups
unless a person has an accessory phrenic nerve, sectioning of the phrenic nerve causes?
complete paralysis & eventual atrophy of the corresponding side of muscular part of diaphragm
how can paralysis of a hemidiaphragm be recognized?
radiograph: permanent elevation and paradoxical movement
pain from irritation of the diaphragmatic pleura or peritoneum is referred to?
C3-5 dermatome in shoulder region
pain from irritation of peripheral regions of diaphragm is localized to?
skin over costal margins of anterolater abdominal wall
rupture of diaphragm & viscera hernia can be caused from?
- trauma from motor vehicle accident
- sudden increase in intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressure
where is a herniation likely to occur from rupture of diaphragm?
through lumbocostal triangle
what condition is comorbid with congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
pulmonary hypoplasia (usually left sided due to liver on right blocking hernia)
what are causes of a psoas abscess?
TB and other infections that spread from blood to vertebrae, and then to psoas fascia
what will produce a postive right psoas sign?
acutely inflamed appendix
posterior abdominal wall pain can be caused by?
adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (advanced stages)
what is a partial lumbar sympathectomy?
- surgical removal of lumbar sympathetic ganglia by division of rami communicantes
- treats arterial disease
what is an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- localized enlargement of aorta
- congenital or acquired weakness of arterial wall
rupture of abdominal aorta can cause?
- severe back/abdomen pain
- 90% mortality from heavy blood loss
what are the three collateral venous routes that can return blood to the heart if the IVC is obstructed?
- superior/inferior epigastric
- thoracoepigastric
- epidural venous plexus (communicates with lumbar veins)
where would a persistent left IVC be located?
- inferior to renal vein on left side
- connects renal, IVC, & left common iliac veins
