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Anatomy Exam 2 Blue Boxes > Joints of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Joints of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

fractures of the femoral neck cause?

A

lateral rotation of lower limb

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2
Q

a fracture to the femoral neck can rupture which artery?

A

medial circumflex femoral artery

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3
Q

after a femoral neck fracture, which artery is the only likely source of blood for the head of the femur?

A

the artery to the ligament of the femoral head

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4
Q

the head of the femur can undergo what after a femoral neck fracture?

A

aseptic vascular necrosis

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5
Q

what is replaced during a hip replacement?

A

a metal prosthesis is anchored to the femur which replaces the femoral head and neck & a plastic socket replaces acetabulum

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6
Q

congenital dislocation of the hip presents as?

A
  • inability to abduct the thigh
  • shorter leg
  • positive trendelenburg sign
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7
Q

which nerve is injured during a posterior dislocation of the hip joint?

A

the sciatic nerve

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8
Q

what is genu varum?

A

femur is abnormally vertical and Q angle is small; causes medial weight bearing (bowleg)

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9
Q

genu varum causes?

A

arthorsis of knee and overstress of fibular collateral ligament

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10
Q

what is genu valgum?

A

exaggerated knee angle; weight bearing lateral to knee

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11
Q

what does genu valgum cause?

A
  • overstretching of tibial collateral ligament
  • patella pulled laterally
  • excess stress on lateral meniscus
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12
Q

which way does the patella dislocation usually?

A

laterally

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13
Q

what is patellofemoral compartment syndrome?

A

repetitive microtrauma from abnormal tracking of patella to patellar surface of femur

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14
Q

whats the most common knee injury in contact sports?

A

ligament sprain

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15
Q

ACL rupture causes?

A

free tibia slides anterior under fixed femur

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16
Q

meniscal tears usually involve?

A

medial meniscus

17
Q

why does the lateral meniscus not usually tear?

A

its more mobile

18
Q

pain on lateral rotation of tibia suggests?

A

injury of the lateral meniscus

19
Q

pain on the medial rotation of the tibia suggests?

A

injury of the medial meniscus

20
Q

what happens to synovial fluid when the knee joint is infected and inflamed?

A

it increases

21
Q

what is joint effusion?

A

escape of fluid from blood or lymphatic vessels that results in increased fluids in joint cavity

22
Q

what causes prepatellar bursitis?

A

friction between skin and patella

23
Q

what is housemaid’s knee?

A

chronic inflammation of prepatellar bursa which becomes distended with fluid and forms an anterior swelling

24
Q

what is a popliteal cyst?

A

abnormal fluid filled sacs of synovial membrane in the popliteal fossa

25
Q

how do popliteal cysts form?

A

complication of chronic knee effusion

26
Q

how far can popliteal cysts extend?

A

mid calf

27
Q

what is the most frequently injured major joint in the body?

A

ankle

28
Q

what is an ankle sprain?

A

torn fibers of ankle ligaments

29
Q

which ligament is most commonly torn during an ankle sprain?

A

anterior talofibular ligament

30
Q

what is tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

entrapment and compression of the tibial nerve between the medial malleolus and calcaneus in the flexor retinaculum

31
Q

what is hallux valgus?

A
  • foot deformity caused by pressure from footwear and degenerative joint disease
  • lateral deviation of big toe
32
Q

what is a bunion?

A

medial shift of D1 metatarsal and lateral shift of sesamoids –> swelling causes subcutaneous bursa to form —> inflammation causes bunion

33
Q

what is hammer toe?

A

proximal phalanx is dorsiflexed, middle phalanx is plantarflexed, distal phalanx is dorsiflexed —> hammer appearance

34
Q

what does hammer toe indicate?

A

weakness of lumbricals and interosseous muscles

35
Q

what is claw toes?

A

hyperextension of metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of flexion of distal interphalangeal joints

36
Q

why does flatfoot develop?

A

loose or degenerative intrinsic ligaments of the foot

37
Q

acquired flat foot develops because?

A

dysfunction of tibialis posterior

38
Q

what is clubfoot?

A

foot that is twisted out of position & weight is placed on the lateral side of the foot instead of the sole and heel

39
Q

what is talipes equinovarus?

A

clubfoot involving the subtalar joint

Anatomy Exam 2 Blue Boxes (11 decks)

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