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VETS1003 > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

For the greater and lesser curvatures, describe the curvature (convex, concave), direction of curvature and length (in relation to other curvature)

A

Greater curvature: is convex, curves to the left, is longer than the lesser curvature
Lesser curvature: is concave, curves to the right, shorter than greater curvature

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2
Q

Describe the 2 surfaces of the stomach and what they face

A

Parietal surface: cranial facing, faces liver and diaphragm
Visceral surface: caudal facing, faces abdominal viscera (mainly intestines and spleen)

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3
Q

The _______ sphincter is connected to the oesophagus and the _______ sphincter is connected to the duodenum

A

Cardiac sphincter, pyloric sphincter

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4
Q

Name the 3 main connective tissues (peritoneum) from the stomach and what they cover/ connected to

A

Hepatogastric ligament: connects the liver to stomach
Greater omentum: a loose fold along the greater curvature
Lesser omentum: loose fold along the lesser curvature, which extends to the liver

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5
Q

Name the 4 ‘sections’ of the stomach and what theyre connected to, also include which is the largest portion.

A

Cardiac: where the oesophagus connects to the stomach
Fundus: between the body and cardiac, bulges cranially
Body: major part of the stomach
Pyloric antrum: leads to the exit, into the duodenum

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6
Q

Name the 4 layers in a cross section of the digestive tube.

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa (tunica muscularis), serosa

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of mucosa, what epithelium covers it and what colour are they?

A

Non-glandular: stratified squamous epithelium. Whitish-colour
Glandular: simple columnar epithelium (secretory), reddish-yellow colour

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8
Q

Describe the glands located in the pyloric region and what they secrete

A

Short, branching, coiling glands opening into deep gastric pits.
Produce mucus/ gastrin

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9
Q

Describe the glands located in the cardiac region and what they secrete

A

Simple, branched, tubular glands producing mucus

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10
Q

Describe the glands located in the function region and what they secrete. What is another name for these glands

A

‘Proper gastric glands’
Tubular glands producing HCl/ enzymes (secretion specific to the stomach)

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11
Q

What type of tissue is commonly found in the cardiac region of the stomach (within the mucosa)

A

diffuse and nobular lymphoid tissue

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12
Q

What is the protective function of mucus in the stomach

A

Protects the stomach epithelia from being damaged by HCl and pepsin

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13
Q

What is the lamina propria

A

The loose connective tissue between the gastric pits/ gastric glands

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14
Q

What cells are located within the lamina propria

A

Lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, mast cells

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15
Q

What 3 types of glands are located in the gastric pits OF FUNDIC GLANDS? (provide both names if more than one name)

A

Mucous neck cells, chief cells (peptic cells), parietal cells

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16
Q

Describe the mucous neck cell epithelia (including type, nucleus, cytoplasm stain)

A

Epithelia: cuboidal/ low columnar
Nucleus: flat, basal nucleus
Cytoplasm: slightly basophilic (more basic)
Stain purple with PAS stain due to granules

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17
Q

Where are mucous neck, chief and parietal cells found?

A

Mucous neck: found only in the neck of the gastric pit
Chief: mainly in the lower 1/3 of the base/ fundus gland
Parietal: throughout the fundic glands

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18
Q

What do mucous neck cells secrete?

A

Mucus, for protection

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19
Q

What do chief/ peptic cells secrete, and what happens to these secretions

A

Pepsinogen/ prorenin which are converted into active enzymes in the gastric lumen

20
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl

21
Q

Describe the parietal cell epithelia (including type, nucleus, cytoplasm stain)

A

Pyramidal shape with a central nucleus
Strongly eosinophilic (pink stain)

22
Q

Describe the chief cell epithelia (including type, nucleus, cytoplasm stain)

A

Cuboidal/ pyramidal in shape with a basal nucleus
Basophilic (basic - blue stain)

23
Q

Describe the structure of cardiac glands, what type of secretion they produce.

A

Simple, branched tubular glands
Mucus secreting cells

24
Q

Describe the depth of the gastric pits/ glands of the pyloric glands in relation to glands in the rest of the stomach.

A

The gastric pits are deeper in the pyloric gland region than in other areas, but the pyloric glands are relatively short, but highly branched

25
Q

What additional cells are located within the pyloric region and what do they do?

A

Enteroendocrine cells (G-cells) which secrete hormones (primarily gastrin)

26
Q

Which cells secrete serotonin into the bloodstream, and additional stain silver?

A

Neuroendocrine cells (argentaffin/ enterochromaffin cells)

27
Q

Describe the direction and location of the longitudinal fibres

A

2 major longitudinal bands over the greater and lesser curvatures (parietal/ visceral surfaces)

28
Q

Name the 3 muscular fibres located within the stomach.

A

Longitudinal, circular, internal oblique

29
Q

Describe the direction and location of the circular fibres and what location/s they’re thickest.

A

Present in body/ pyloric region, thickest at pylorus which forms the pyloric sphincter

30
Q

Describe the direction and location of the internal oblique fibres

A

Present in fundus/ cardia, closely packed in the cardiac loop, where they combine with the circular layer to form the cardiac sphincter

31
Q

What centre do the lymphatics drain to from the stomach?

A

Coeliac lymph centre

32
Q

What 4 nodes are includes in the coeliac lymph centre?

A

Gastric, coeliac, pancreaticoduodenal, splenic

33
Q

Which plexus’s are linked to the enteric nervous system in the gut wall? (provide both names)

A

Myenteric (auerbach’s) and submucosal (Meissner’s)

34
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the coeliac artery>

A

Left gastric, splenic, hepatic

35
Q

What branch of the coeliac artery does the stomach receive the most amount of blood from?

A

Left gastric a.

36
Q

What organ does the splenic artery supply blood to, and what branch does it give off?

A

Spleen
Left gastroepiploic a.

37
Q

What organ does the hepatic artery supply blood to, and what branch/s does it give off?

A

Liver
Right gastric a., right gastroepiploic a.

38
Q

Which curvature do the left and right gastric arteries run along. Do they anastomose?

A

Run along the lesser curvature, yes

39
Q

Which curvature do the left and right gastroepiploic arteries run along. Do they anastomose?

A

Greater curvature, yes

40
Q

Which vein do the venous (de-oxygenated) blood in gastric veins flow through to reach the liver?

A

Hepatic portal vein

41
Q

Does the sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation influences increase in digestive motility?

A

Parasympathetic

42
Q

Name the 3 sympathetic ganglia that supply the coeliac a., cranial mesenteric a., and caudal mesenteric a.

A

Coeliac ganglion, cranial mesenteric ganglion, caudal mesenteric ganglion

43
Q

What is the vagosympathetic trunk?

A

The combination of sympathetic/ parasympathetic fibres travelling to the head in the thoracic cavity

44
Q

Name the 4 branches the vagus nerve (parasympathetic) divides into, what region of the oseophagus does this occur at?

A

Left dorsal vagus n., right dorsal vagus n., left ventral vagus n., right ventral vagus n.
Occurs near the caudal 1/3 of the oesophagus

45
Q

Name the branches which combine and what they’re called (from the vagus n.), and which hiatus the n.s pass through.

A

Right dorsal vagus n. + left dorsal vagus n. -> dorsal vagus n.
Left ventral vagus n. + right ventral vagus n. -> ventral vagus n.
Joining occurs post oesophageal hiatus

VETS1003 (19 decks)

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