Prehension, mastication, ensalivation

Question 1

What role does ensalivation play?

Answer 1

Lubrication, buffering agent, dissolves substance, binds food together

Question 2

What are the 3 types of secretory glands?

Answer 2

Mucous, serous, mixed

Question 3

What type of secretion do serous glands produce, and what colour do they stain?

Answer 3

Watery secretion, staining basophilic (purple)

Question 4

What type of secretion do mucous glands produce, and what colour do they stain?

Answer 4

Mucin
Stain a pale purple, giving a frothy appearance

Question 5

What type of secretion do mixed glands produce, and what colour do they stain?

Answer 5

Contain both serous/ mucous secreting cells (proportions vary)

Question 6

What is the structural pattern of a large, proper salivary gland?

Answer 6

Tubulo-alveolar pattern, composed on both tubular and alveolar portions, with a complex duct system

Question 7

What is the composition of acini (alveolus) portions in salivary glands?

Answer 7

The acini/ alveolus are made of pyramidal cells surrounding a central lumen, with contractile myoepithelial cells around them

Question 8

How are glandular portions of salivary glands organised?

Answer 8

Divided into lobules, where multiple will form a lobe

Question 9

What are intralobular ducts?

Answer 9

Ducts within the lobe/ lobule of a gland

Question 10

What are interlobar ducts?

Answer 10

Ducts that lie between lobes in the connective tissue framework

Question 11

What are intercalated ducts in salivary glands?

Answer 11

Short ducts with cuboidal cells and a small lumen, which empty into larger ducts

Question 12

What are striated ducts, why do they appear striated and why do they do this?

Answer 12

Striated ducts have taller cells, and their basal membranes appear striated due to numerous infoldings. This increases surface area for saliva modification

Question 13

How does the epithelium of ducts change as they enlarge?

Answer 13

Epithelium changes from columnar to cuboidal or stratified cuboidal

Question 14

What are the 4 main salivary glands in carnivores?

Answer 14

Zygomatic, parotid, mandibular, sublingual

Question 15

Where is the parotid gland located?

Answer 15

In the retromandibular fossa, near the back of the external ear

Question 16

What type of secretion does the parotid gland produce?

Answer 16

Serous, but can be mixed in young dogs

Question 17

What is the duct pathway of the parotid duct?

Answer 17

The parotid duct crosses the lateral surface of the masseter muscle, and discharges at the parotid papilla above maxillary (upper) P4/ M1

Question 18

What should be considered during tooth extraction near the parotid duct?

Answer 18

As it is superficial, care must be taken to not damage it

Question 19

Where are the mandibular salivary glands located?

Answer 19

Caudal and medial to the angle of the jaw, partly covered by the ventral part of the parotid gland

Question 20

Is the mandibular salivary gland encapsulated?

Answer 20

Yes, making it palpable

Question 21

What veins are associated with the mandibular salivary gland?

Answer 21

Maxillary vein (dorsally)
Linguofacial vein (ventrally)

Question 22

What type of secretion does the mandibular salivary gland produce?

Answer 22

Mixed, but predominantly mucous

Question 23

Where does the mandibular duct open?

Answer 23

Open lateral to the frenulum of the tongue

Question 24

What type of secretion does the sublingual gland secrete?

Answer 24

Mixed

Question 25

What are the 2 types of sublingual glands, and describe them?

Answer 25

Monostomatic (compact) and Polystomatic (diffuse)
Compact: single duct, opening close to mandibular duct
Diffuse: chain of lobules with their own ducts

Question 26

Where is the zygomatic gland located and what animals are they found in?

Answer 26

Carnivores, located ventral to the orbit, between the eyeball/ zygomatic arch