Liver and gall bladder Flashcards
What structure connects the duodenum to the liver?
Bile duct
The liver/ gall bladder contributes to a process called glucuronidation, describe this.
Addition of glucuronic acid to compounds, making them more water soluble and able to be excreted in bile/ urine
In the fetus, what is the liver/ gall bladder relevance?
Helps to form blood
Is the diaphragmatic (parietal) surface of the liver convex/ concave, and does it face caudally/ cranially?
Convex, faces cranially
Is the visceral surface of the liver convex/ concave, and does it face caudally/ cranially?
concave, faces caudally
The hepatic porta sits on the visceral surface of the liver, what structures pass through here?
portal vein, blood/ lymph vessels, nerves, hepatic artery, hepatic (bile) ducts
What is the attachment of the stomach to the liver?
Hepatogastric ligament
What is the attachment of the liver to the proximal duodenum?
Hepatoduodenal ligament
What 4 ligaments help anchor the liver to the diaphragm
Falciform ligament, coronary ligament, left and right triangular ligaments, caudate (hepatorenal) ligament
Which 2 ligaments form the lesser omentum?
Hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal ligaments
What is the special name for the epithelial liver cells?
Hepatocytes
What species of animals is it easiest to see the hepatic lobules?
Pig
What shape are hepatocytes arranged into?
Triangles to octagons
What structure is central to each hepatic lobule?
‘Central vein’
Which animal species have well demarcated lobules?
Pigs
Define the liver acini, their function, and where they are located.
Liver acini are the individual filtering structures, and the acinus are the mass of filtering liver cells. They encapsulate the central vein.
Out of the hepatic lobule, portal lobule and liver acinus, attach which structure sits in the middle: portal triad, central vein, periportal area (portal canal)
Hepatic lobule: central vein
Portal lobule: portal triad
Liver acinus: periportal area (portal canal)
What is contained within the portal triad?
Hepatic portal artery branch, hepatic portal vein branch, bile ductules
What structures are located within the portal canals?
Hepatic portal arterioles, hepatic portal venules, bile ductules, lymphatics, nerves, connective tissue
Describe the sinusoid structures.
Irregular, capillary-like blood vessels that extend from the vein/ artery in the portal triad and in the portal canals that extend to the central vein.
What cell structures are in higher proportions within hepatocytes?
Smooth and rough ER, mitochondria, golgi and stores of fat/ glycogen
What structure penetrates the space of Disse (projecting from the hepatocytes)?
Microvilli
Are any terminal lymphatics located within the liver lobule? Why or why not?
No, because the sinusoids handle the transport of lymphatics
In which direction does bile flow from the canaliculi?
Towards the periportal areas (portal canal) and into the bile ductules (in the portal triad)
What 2 structures make up the common bile duct in sheep?
Bile duct and pancreatic duct
What structure in the duodenum allows the pancreas secretions to flow in? and what sphincter structure surrounds it?
Major duodenal papilla, sphincter of oddi
(In the bile duct) what epithelia is here, what-secreting cells, what type of muscle?
Tall columnar, mucus-secreting cells, small amount of smooth muscle
What species of animal is the gall bladder not present in?
Horse/ rat
In animals who have a gall bladder, where does it sit in relation to the liver lobes?
Lies in a fossa between the quadrate/ right lobes of the visceral surface of the liver.
What artery does the gall bladder receive its blood from, and where does it drain its blood into?
Artery: branch of hepatic a.
Vein: hepatic veins
