Liver and gall bladder

Question 1

What structure connects the duodenum to the liver?

Answer 1

Bile duct

Question 1

The liver/ gall bladder contributes to a process called glucuronidation, describe this.

Answer 1

Addition of glucuronic acid to compounds, making them more water soluble and able to be excreted in bile/ urine

Question 2

In the fetus, what is the liver/ gall bladder relevance?

Answer 2

Helps to form blood

Question 3

Is the diaphragmatic (parietal) surface of the liver convex/ concave, and does it face caudally/ cranially?

Answer 3

Convex, faces cranially

Question 4

Is the visceral surface of the liver convex/ concave, and does it face caudally/ cranially?

Answer 4

concave, faces caudally

Question 5

The hepatic porta sits on the visceral surface of the liver, what structures pass through here?

Answer 5

portal vein, blood/ lymph vessels, nerves, hepatic artery, hepatic (bile) ducts

Question 6

What is the attachment of the stomach to the liver?

Answer 6

Hepatogastric ligament

Question 7

What is the attachment of the liver to the proximal duodenum?

Answer 7

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 8

What 4 ligaments help anchor the liver to the diaphragm

Answer 8

Falciform ligament, coronary ligament, left and right triangular ligaments, caudate (hepatorenal) ligament

Question 9

Which 2 ligaments form the lesser omentum?

Answer 9

Hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal ligaments

Question 10

What is the special name for the epithelial liver cells?

Answer 10

Hepatocytes

Question 11

What species of animals is it easiest to see the hepatic lobules?

Answer 11

Pig

Question 13

What shape are hepatocytes arranged into?

Answer 13

Triangles to octagons

Question 14

What structure is central to each hepatic lobule?

Answer 14

‘Central vein’

Question 15

Which animal species have well demarcated lobules?

Answer 15

Pigs

Question 16

Define the liver acini, their function, and where they are located.

Answer 16

Liver acini are the individual filtering structures, and the acinus are the mass of filtering liver cells. They encapsulate the central vein.

Question 17

Out of the hepatic lobule, portal lobule and liver acinus, attach which structure sits in the middle: portal triad, central vein, periportal area (portal canal)

Answer 17

Hepatic lobule: central vein
Portal lobule: portal triad
Liver acinus: periportal area (portal canal)

Question 18

What is contained within the portal triad?

Answer 18

Hepatic portal artery branch, hepatic portal vein branch, bile ductules

Question 19

What structures are located within the portal canals?

Answer 19

Hepatic portal arterioles, hepatic portal venules, bile ductules, lymphatics, nerves, connective tissue

Question 20

Describe the sinusoid structures.

Answer 20

Irregular, capillary-like blood vessels that extend from the vein/ artery in the portal triad and in the portal canals that extend to the central vein.

Question 21

What cell structures are in higher proportions within hepatocytes?

Answer 21

Smooth and rough ER, mitochondria, golgi and stores of fat/ glycogen

Question 22

What structure penetrates the space of Disse (projecting from the hepatocytes)?

Answer 22

Microvilli

Question 23

Are any terminal lymphatics located within the liver lobule? Why or why not?

Answer 23

No, because the sinusoids handle the transport of lymphatics

Question 24

In which direction does bile flow from the canaliculi?

Answer 24

Towards the periportal areas (portal canal) and into the bile ductules (in the portal triad)

Question 25

What 2 structures make up the common bile duct in sheep?

Answer 25

Bile duct and pancreatic duct

Question 26

What structure in the duodenum allows the pancreas secretions to flow in? and what sphincter structure surrounds it?

Answer 26

Major duodenal papilla, sphincter of oddi

Question 27

(In the bile duct) what epithelia is here, what-secreting cells, what type of muscle?

Answer 27

Tall columnar, mucus-secreting cells, small amount of smooth muscle

Question 28

What species of animal is the gall bladder not present in?

Answer 28

Horse/ rat

Question 29

In animals who have a gall bladder, where does it sit in relation to the liver lobes?

Answer 29

Lies in a fossa between the quadrate/ right lobes of the visceral surface of the liver.

Question 30

What artery does the gall bladder receive its blood from, and where does it drain its blood into?

Answer 30

Artery: branch of hepatic a. Vein: hepatic veins