Oral cavity

Question 1

Describe a doliocephalic head (dog) and give examples

Answer 1

Long nose/ muzzle
Greyhounds, borzoi, afghan hound

Question 2

Describe a mesaticephalic head (dog) and give examples. And include a way to remember this

Answer 2

Normal/ avg. skull shape
Labrador, beagle, pointer
Mesa = middle

Question 3

Describe a brachycephalic head (dog) and give examples

Answer 3

Round cranium, short/ compressed muzzle.
Pugs, bulldog, boxer

Question 4

The dorsal and ventral lips form the _____ _____?

Answer 4

Rima oris

Question 5

What is the name of the fibroelastic layer than covers the skin of the mouth?

Answer 5

Orbicularis oris muscle

Question 6

What mucosa lines the lips of the dog, and is continuous with the gingiva (gums)?

Answer 6

Labial mucosa

Question 7

What is the name of the vertical medial groove on the dorsal lip of the dog/ cat?

Answer 7

Philtrum

Question 8

Group which animals have highly mobile lips, or immobile lips: cattle, horses, goats, sheep, pigs

Answer 8

Mobile: horses, goats, sheep
Immobile: cattle, pigs

Question 9

What type of epithelium is on the inside/ outside of the cheek?

Answer 9

Inside: non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium (can be keratinised depending on diet)
Outside: hairy keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 10

What gland supplies the cheek mucosa with secretions? How is this different in carnivores?

Answer 10

Buccal glands, but in carnivores, the dorsal buccal gland is a large ‘zygomatic gland’

Question 11

What is the structure dividing the hard palate into 2 equal parts? What are the perpendicular structures lining the hard palate?

Answer 11

Median raphe, then rugae (or crescentic ridges)

Question 12

What epithelium is the hard palate composed of? Is it thick or thin? Does it contain glands? Is there a high level of vascularity?

Answer 12

THICK stratified squamous epithelium, does not contain glands.
Rich venous plexus under the epithelium

Question 13

Describe the ruminant hard palate

Answer 13

Thick/ solid keratinised epithelium with no rugae, continuing rostrally in the mouth and forming a dental pad

Question 14

List the functions of the tongue?

Answer 14

Grooming (some species), feeding, drinking

Question 15

List the 5 main anatomical structures of the tongue and describe their function or attachment

Answer 15

Root - Attached to the hyoid apparatus and adjacent connective tissue
Apex - The tip of the tongue
Body - The central portion of the tongue
Lyssa - A thin, hard cord on the ventral surface near the tip of the tongue
Frenulum - Attachment of tongue to floor of mouth

Question 16

What structure of the tongue aids in generating negative pressure in the mouth?

Answer 16

Torus

Question 17

Name the muscles of the tongue, their origins, insertion and function

Answer 17

Styloglossus: origin (stylohyoid), insertion (ventral, lateral tongue), function (elevates and retracts)
Hyoglossus: origin (basihyoid), inserts (ventral, lateral tongue but inner to the styloglossus), function (depresses and retracts)
Genioglossus: origin (medial surface of rostral mandible), insertion (intrinsic tongue), function (depresses, moves rostral and curls)
Geniohyoid: origin/ insertion (from mandibular symphysis to basihyoid, function (moves hyoid and tongue) rostrally

Question 18

Name the 6 major tongue papillae.

Answer 18

Conical, vallate, foliate, fungiform, filliform, lenticular

Question 19

What 3 nerves contribute to the innervation of taste buds?

Answer 19

Facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve

Question 20

Which 3 papillae are mechanical - what does this mean?

Answer 20

Conical, Filiform, Lenticular
Meaning they contribute to tongue/ bolus movement

Question 21

Which 3 papillae are gustatory - what does this mean?

Answer 21

Foliate, Fungiform, Vallate
Meaning they contribute to taste

Question 22

What are lingual tonsils?

Answer 22

Aggregated lymph nodules around the root of the tongue, filled with degenerating lymphocytes/ detritus (debris)