Stoke Flashcards

1
Q

Sudden loss of neurological function as the result of disruption to blood flow resulting in tissue death

A

CVA

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2
Q

Types of CVA

A

Ischemic

Hemorrhagic

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3
Q

Risk factors We can control

A

HTN (>160/95)
Smoking
Hyperlipidemia (fat)

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4
Q

If your diastolic lowers by 5-6 mmHg, how much does risk of CVA decrease

A

40%

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5
Q

What are risk factors we cannot control

A
Age
Sex (Male>females)
Hereditary
Race (AA>caucasian)
Geography
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6
Q

Signs of Stroke

A
Numbness
Difficulty speaking
Trouble seeing
Ataxia
Headache
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7
Q

Acronym FAST… for getting there ASAP

A

Facial droop
Arm weakness
Speech Difficulties
Time

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8
Q

How are Strokes Dx

A
Non-contrast CAT scan
MRI
MRA
EKG
Echo
TEE
Telemetry
Carotid Doppler
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9
Q

What results in lysis of fibrin?

A

tPA

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10
Q

What is tPA? And what is it used with?

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Ischemic Strokes

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11
Q

What is the predictor for stroke after Transient Ischemic Attack?

A

U of Oxford ABCD scale

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12
Q

What does ABCD scale stand for

A

Age
BP
Clinical Features
Duration

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13
Q

Standardized tool to assess impairment from stroke

A

NIH Stroke Scale

To assess if tPA needed

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14
Q

When is NIH Stroke scale performed?

What is the max score>?

A
Baseline
2 hours post Tx.
24 hrs
7-10 days
3 months

42 max

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15
Q

NIH Score Severity for

0
1-4
5-15
16-20
21-42
A
No stroke Symptoms
Minor
Moderate
Mod to severe
Severe
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16
Q

80% of CVAs are

A

Ischemic

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17
Q

Decrease Blood flow from Ischemic attacks caused by

A

Thrombus

Embolic

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18
Q

An occlusion of small vessels associated with HTN or diabetes

A

Lacunar Infarct

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19
Q

excessive production of neurotransmitters

A

Ischemic tissue death

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20
Q

Toxic levels of lactic acide and hydrogen ions

A

Anaerobic Metabolism

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21
Q

Rim of mild to moderate Ischemic tissue around area of infarction

A

Penumbra

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22
Q

Brain tissue requires ____ of regular Blood flow to survive

A

20-25%

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23
Q

Common meds prescribed

A
Antiplatelets
Anticoagulants
Statins
Antihypertensives
Diabetic meds
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24
Q

Sudden onset stroke
Linked to HTN
Causes decreased level of consciousness, headache, nausea, vomit

A

Hemorrhagic Stroke

25
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke includes

A

Intracerebral hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subdural hematoma
Epidural hematoma

26
Q

Arterial bleeding into brain parenchyma

A

Intracerebral hemorrhage

27
Q

Etiology of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

A

Atherosclerosis
Increase in BP
>65 y/o

28
Q

Blood in subarachnoid space

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

29
Q

40% of subarachnoid hemorrhage present with

60% with

A

Sentinel Headache

Nausea,vomit,coma

30
Q

Causes of Sub arachnoid hemorrhage

A
Atriovenous Malformation
Age
Trauma
Neoplasm
Inf
HTN
31
Q

Most common AVM in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Where does it occur?

A

Berry Aneurysm

Biforcations (Circle of Willis)

32
Q

Trauma causing tear in bridging veins between brain surface and dural sinus

A

Subdural Hematoma

33
Q

What happens when subdural hematoma is small?

Large?

A

Small:Absorbed by body

Large: Requires evacuation

34
Q

Traumatic tearing of Meningeal arteries that supply periosteal layer of dura

A

Epidural Hematoma

35
Q

Epidural hematoma is a medical emergency that

A

Requires evacuation

36
Q

Difficulties speaking and interpreting speech

A

Aphasia

37
Q

3 types of aphasia and function loss

A

Brocas: expressive speech
Wernickes: Receptive Speech
Global: Mixed

38
Q

Impairment in reading

A

Alexia

39
Q

Impairment in writing

A

Agraphia

40
Q

Inability to execute voluntary Motor movement

A

Apraxia

41
Q

Loss of ability to perceive auditory, visual, and tactile input

A

Agnosia

42
Q

Lack of awareness of illness

A

Anosognosia

43
Q

Motor speech disorder affective respiration articulation and phonation

A

Dysarthria

44
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

45
Q

Unable to refrain from certain behaviors

A

Perseveration

46
Q

Know your flexion and extension synergies

A

Facts.

47
Q

What is most common region of CVA? And common cause

A

MCA (51%)

Internal carotid Thrombus

48
Q

2 divisions of MCA

A

Superior (hemiparesis/Brocas Aphasias)

Inferior (Homonymous hemianopsia/ wernickes aphasia)

49
Q

Responsible for learned behavior, voluntary initiation, planning

A

Right hemisphere

50
Q

Responsible for leaning and using language symbols

A

Left hemisphere

51
Q

Pusher syndrome midline

A

Ipsilesional

52
Q

Pusher syndrome presents with

A

Spontaneous posture to side of involvement

Resistance to passive correction of posture

53
Q

Pusher syndrom treatment involves

A

Visual
Somatosensory
And motor learning

54
Q

PCA CVA results in

A

Thalamic syndrome
Homonymous hemianopsia
Ataxia

55
Q

Damage to cerebellar arties result in

A

Ataxia
Dysmetria
Nausea
Vertigo

56
Q

Vertebral artery syndromes

A

Wallenberg

Horners

57
Q

Dysphagia
Vertigo
Nystagmus
Impaired sensation on ipsi face and contra limbs

A

Wallenberg syndrome

58
Q

Ptosis of eyelid
Constriction of pupil
Lost of pain and temp contralateral

A

Horners syndrome

59
Q

results in mute, mortality, tetraplegia, and spared cognition

A

Basilar artery syndrome