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Patho 2 > ST And Bone Healing > Flashcards

ST And Bone Healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 stages of healing?

A

1) Hemostasis & degradation
2) inflammation
3) Proliferation
4) Maturation

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2
Q

What is hemostatic response?

A

Sealing off of blood vessels causing clot to form.

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3
Q

What do growth factors do (GF)?

A

Summon inflammatory cells to tissue

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4
Q

Severely damaged cells

A

Necrosis

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5
Q

Coordinated reaction of body tissue to cell injury

A

Inflammation phase (days 1-6)

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6
Q

Inflammation phase includes

A
  • vascular response
  • humoral response
  • neuro response
  • cellular response
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7
Q

What happens in vascular response

A

1) vasodilation from chemical mediators (histamine)
2) fluid migration -> edema
3) Hemoconcentration
4) WBC accumulation

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8
Q

^ viscosity slows blood flow

A

Hemoconcentration

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9
Q

Complement system activated via antibody-antigen association

A

Humoral response

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10
Q

What happens in complement system

A

1) ^ vascular permeability
2) Stimulate phagocytosis
3) Act as chemostatic stimuli

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11
Q

Kills and removes injurious agent

A

Cellular response

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12
Q

Activate inflammatory mediators

A

T lymphocytes

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13
Q

Plasma cells that produce antibodies to bacteria to prepare for phagocytosis

A

B cells

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14
Q

Engulf dead cells

A

Macrophages

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15
Q

Phase of healing days 3-20

A

Proliferation

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16
Q

4 processes in proliferation phase

A

1) neovascularization
2) epithelialization
3) collagen production
4) Wound contraction

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17
Q

Presence of macrophages stimulate release of GF

A

Neovascularization

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18
Q

Secrete proteins to reconstitute ecm and provide framework

A

Fibroblast

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19
Q

Covers wound surface

A

Epithelialization

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20
Q

Epitheliazation provide protective barrier to

A
  • prevent fluid/electrolyte loss

- decrease risk of infection

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21
Q

Creat collagen

A

Fibroblast

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22
Q

Collagen Timeline

A

Day 7- amt of collagen significant
Day 12- types 3-type 1
Day 21- Max collagen produced
6 weeks- 80% strength

23
Q

Maturation phase (day9-) includes

A

Collagen synthesis
Collagen orientation
And healing injury

24
Q

If lung basement membrane not intact, results in ____

A

Fibrosis

25
Q

Gut cells reproduce _____ to _____

A

Proximal to distal

26
Q

Rewiring of healthy functional neurons

A

Neuroplasticity

27
Q

Peripheral nerve wallerian degeneration occurs

A

Distal to injury

28
Q

In muscle if endomysium is not intact -»

A

Necrosis

29
Q

Gradual re-mobilization after pain and swelling subside:

A

Rehab for muscle strains

30
Q

What does rehab for muscle strains do.

A
  • increase fiber regeneration
  • improve fiber orientation
  • decrease scarring
31
Q

When does gentle gradual loading occur for tendons

A

Week 2-16 (wtf)

32
Q

Occurs when synovium is injured

A

Tendon adhesion

33
Q

Caused by repetitive trauma/excessive loading

A

Tendinopathy

34
Q

Protected rest for sutured tendons is

A

3-5 days

35
Q

Gentle PROM for sutured tendons is______

For what

A

5-28 days

To prevent contracture/reduce adhesion

36
Q

AAROM for sutured tendon

A

Week 4-8

37
Q

Tearing of synovium in ligaments limits

A

Hematoma formation and localization of GF

38
Q

In ligaments if _____ is released it limits healing

A

Matrix metalloproteinase

39
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Articular
Fibrocartilage
Fibroblast-elastic

40
Q

Meniscus healing occurs via

A

Chondrocyte migration

41
Q

Cycle of chronic injury and healing with immobilization leads to ____ b/w synovium and articular cartilage

A

Adhesions

42
Q

Types of fractures

A
  • Complete vs incomplete (green stick)
  • Transverse
  • oblique/spiral
  • comminuted (>2 fragments)
  • segmental
43
Q

fracture healing: inflammation with pain swelling and heat

A

Phase 1

44
Q

Fracture healing: repair phase, soft>hard callus, 6-12 weeks

A

Phase 2

45
Q

Fracture healing: remodeling phase,

A

Phase 3

46
Q

Stages of fracture healing and meaning

A

1: impact
2) inflammation
3) Soft callus
4) hard callus
5) Remodeling

47
Q

Clear necrotic bone

A

Osteoclasts

48
Q

Fraction healing occurring in expected time frame with unsatisfactory alignment

A

Mall ion

49
Q

Fracture healed beyond expected time fram

A

Delayed union

50
Q

Failure of fracture healing

A

Nonunion

51
Q

Glucocorticoids regulate

A

T cell
B cell
NK cell
And Macrophage Fx.

52
Q

Mediates vascular response via Sympathetic nervous system

A

Hypothalamus

53
Q

Which cranial nerves can regenerate

A

3,4,5,7

54
Q

Surgical IV of fracture

A

Bone graft
Internal and external fixation
Traction
Reduction

Patho 2 (14 decks)

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