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A Level Biology > Stimuli and Response (Topic 6A) > Flashcards

Stimuli and Response (Topic 6A) Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two types of responses of animals

A

taxic response
kinetic response

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2
Q

a taxic response is…

A

directional movement

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3
Q

a kinetic response is…

A

non directional movement

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4
Q

a positive tropism is when a plant…

A

positive tropism

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5
Q

a negative tropism is when a plant…

A

grows away from stimulus

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6
Q

the tropism associated with light is called…

A

photostropism

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7
Q

the tropism associated with gravity is called…

A

gravitopism

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8
Q

what is the chemical associated with tropisms?

A

auxin

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9
Q

how does auxin causes cell elongation?

A

loosens cell walls

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10
Q

auxin in ____ concentrations _____ growth in roots

A

high
inhibits

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11
Q

auxin _____ growth in shoots

A

stimulates

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12
Q

Auxin is also referred to as

A

IAA

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13
Q

Response to light:
IAA moves to the _____ side of the shoot, cells elongate and grow ____ _____

A

shaded
towards light

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14
Q

Response to light:
IAA moves to the _____ side of the roots, cell growth is inhibited and grow ____ from _____

A

shaded
away
light

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15
Q

Response to gravity:
IAA moves to the _____ side of the shoot and plant grows upwards

A

lower

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16
Q

Response to gravity:
IAA moves to the _____ side of the root, growth is _____ and plant grows downwards

A

lower
inhibited

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17
Q

receptors…

A

detect stimuli

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18
Q

effectors….

A

bring about response to stimuli

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19
Q

how does an impulse travel to an effector to cause a response

A
  1. stimulus
  2. receptor
  3. sensory neurone
  4. co-ordinator (brain)
    5.motor neurone
  5. effector
  6. response
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20
Q

simple reflexes are…

A

rapid and involuntary

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21
Q

simple reflexes go through the….

A

spinal cord

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22
Q

give the pathway of an impulse through a reflex arc

A
  1. stimulus
  2. receptors
  3. sensory neurone
  4. CNS
  5. motor neurone
  6. effectors
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23
Q

pacinian corpuscle detect …..

A

chemical stimuli

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24
Q

pacinian corpuscle are _______ found in your skin

A

mechanoreceptors

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25
Q

pacinian corpuscles contain a…

A

sensory nerve ending that is wrapped in layers of connective tissue lamellae

26
Q

when a pacinian corpuscle is stimulated…

A

lamella are deformed and press on sensory nerve ending

27
Q

when sensory nerve endings are pressed…

A

its cell membrane stretches, deforming the stretch mediated sodium ion channels

28
Q

when stretch mediated sodium ion channels open…
creating….

A

the sodium ions diffuse into the cell
creating generator potential

29
Q

when the generator potential reaches a threshold….

A

it triggers an action potential

30
Q

sensory reception is

A

function is sense organs

31
Q

sensory perception is…

A

making sense of information from receptors

32
Q

what are the two types of photoreceptors in the eye?

A

rods and cones

33
Q

where are photoreceptors found in the eye?

A

back of the retina

34
Q

what is the photosynthetic pigment called that is involved with rods?

A

rhodopsin

35
Q

what is the photosynthetic pigment involved with cones?

A

iodopsin

36
Q

rods give information in….

A

black and white

37
Q

where are rods located?

A

in the peripheral of the retina

38
Q

how many rods connect to a bipolar neurone?

A

many

39
Q

rods have ____ sensitivity to light

A

high

40
Q

rods have ___ visual acuity

A

low

41
Q

why do rods have low visual acuity?

A

because many rods connect to one BP neurone

42
Q

where does the bipolar neurone take the impulse to?

A

the brain

43
Q

cones give information in….

A

colour

44
Q

cones are located in the…

A

fovea

45
Q

how many cones connect to one bipolar neurone?

A

1

46
Q

cones have ___ visual acuity

A

high

47
Q

what kind of light do rods work best in?

A

dim light

48
Q

what kind of light do cones work best in?

A

bright

49
Q

how do cones provide colour information?

A

different types of cones respond to different wavelengths of light

50
Q

cones have ___ sensitivity to light

A

low

51
Q

what is the average resting heart rate?

A

72bpm

52
Q

the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for…

A

increasing heart rate
and controls HR during exercise

53
Q

the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for…

A

decreasing heart rate
and controls heart rate at rest

54
Q

what are the two centres responsible for heart rate in the medulla oblongata?

A

cardioinhibitory
cardioacceleratory

55
Q

the cardioacceleratory centre ____ HR

A

increases

56
Q

the cardioacceloratory centre ____ HR

A

increases

57
Q

the cardioinhibatory and cardioacceleratory centre connect to the…

A

SA node

58
Q

baroreceptors detect…

A

changes in blood pressure

59
Q

chemoreceptors detect..

A

changes in pH

60
Q

sympathetic neurone releases

A

noradrenaline

61
Q

parasympathetic neurone releases…

A

acetylcholine

A Level Biology (19 decks)

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