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A Level Biology > Photosynthesis and Respiration (Topic 5A) > Flashcards

Photosynthesis and Respiration (Topic 5A) Flashcards

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1
Q

chloroplasts contain ___ pigments

A

three

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2
Q

pigments in chloroplasts absorb….

A

light energy

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3
Q

pigments in chloroplasts are attached to…

A

proteins

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4
Q

protein and pigments in chloroplast are called..

A

photosystems

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5
Q

stroma is a ___ like substance surrounding the ____ and contains ____ , ____ and ____ ___

A
  1. gel
  2. thylakoid
  3. enzymes, sugars and organic acids
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6
Q

any carbohydrates that aren’t used in straight away are stored as….

A

starch grains

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7
Q

where are starch grains found?

A

stroma

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8
Q

the first step of the light dependent reaction is…

A

light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll

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9
Q

the second step of the light dependent reaction is…

A

photolysis of water produces protons, electrons and O2

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10
Q

the third step of the light dependent reaction is…

A

energy from excited electrons makes ATP

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11
Q

the fourth step of the light dependent reaction is…

A

energy from the excited electrons generates reduced NADP

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12
Q

what does non-cyclic phosphorylation produce?

A

ATP, reduced NADP and O2

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13
Q

which photosystem is involved in non-cyclic phosphorylation?

A

1 and 2

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14
Q

which photosystem is involved in cyclic phosphorylation?

A

photosystem 1

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15
Q

what does cyclic phosphorylation produce?

A

produces ATP

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16
Q

the first step of the light independent reaction is…

A

CO2 diffuses into leaf and dissolved in water around mesophyll cells and diffuses into the stomata

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17
Q

the second step of the light independent reaction is…

A

CO2 combines to RuBP to form 2 molecules of GP, this is catalysed my rubisco enzyme

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18
Q

the third step of the light independent reaction is…

A

GP is reduced and activated to form TP. ATP & rescued NADP provide energy for this. The ADP, Pi and NADP return to thylakoid membrane

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19
Q

the fourth step of the light independent reaction is…

A

most of the TP continues through a series of reactions to regenerate RuBP and complete the cycle. NADP is reformed

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20
Q

to make a single hexose sugar _ ___ molecules are required

A

2 TP

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21
Q

it takes __ turns to form hexose sugar

A

6

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22
Q

__ new TP molecules are formed every _ turns

A

2
6

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23
Q

TP stands for

A

triose phosphate

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24
Q

the three pigments in chloroplasts are

A

chlorophyll (a)
chlorophyll (b)
carotene

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25
Q

GP stands for

A

glycerate-3-phosphate

26
Q

external factors that affect photosynthesis:

A

light intensity
CO2 concentration
temperature

27
Q

internal factors that affect photosynthesis:

A

the volume of chlorophyll

28
Q

a limiting factor is a…

A

variable that slows down rate of reaction

29
Q

the law of limiting factors is..

A

when a process is affected by a no. of factors, then the factor that is in shortest supply at any given time determines the rate of the process

30
Q

what is the compensation point?

A

point where rate of photosynthesis = the rate of respiration

31
Q

what is the equation for respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP

32
Q

respiration is….

A

a series of reactions in which energy is transferred from organic compounds to the temporary energy store

33
Q

respiration is split into 4 stages which are:

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. link reaction
  3. kerbs cycle
  4. electron transport chain
34
Q

where does glycolysis happen?

A

cytoplasm of the cell

35
Q

where does link reaction happen?

A

matrix of mitochondria

36
Q

where does the krebs cycle happen?

A

matrix of the mitochondria

37
Q

where does the electron transfer chain occur?

A

utilises proteins found in membrane of crista

38
Q

glycolysis is the splitting of…

A

carbohydrates

39
Q

glycolysis is an _____ process

A

anaerobic

40
Q

the first step of glycolysis is…

A

phosphorylation of glucose to form phosphorylated glucose

41
Q

the second step of glycolysis is…

A

splitting of the phosphorylated glucose

42
Q

the third step of glycolysis is…

A

oxidation of triose phosphate

43
Q

the fourth step of glycolysis is…

A

production of ATP

44
Q

the products of glycolysis are..

A

2 NADH
2 pyruvate
2 ATP

45
Q

the link reaction requires…

A

oxygen

46
Q

the link reaction produces…

A

2 acetyl coenzyme A
2 CO2
2 reduced NAD

47
Q

in the link reaction the pyruvate is ______ and _____ to produce ______

coenzyme A combines with it to form _______

A

decarboxylated
dehydrated
acetate
acetyl coenzyme A

48
Q

pyruvate is a _ carbon molecule

A

3

49
Q

acetate is a _ carbon molecule

A

2

50
Q

the krebs cycle produces..

A

2 CO2 molecules
1 ATP molecules
4 pairs of H atoms

51
Q

metabolic pathway is..

A

a series of small reactions controlled by enzymes (like photosynthesis)

52
Q

phosphorylation is…

A

adding phosphate to a molecule

53
Q

photophosphorylation is…

A

adding phosphate group using light

54
Q

photolysis is…

A

splitting of a molecule using light

55
Q

hydrolysis is…

A

splitting of a molecules using water

56
Q

decarboxylation is…

A

the removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule

57
Q

dehydrogenation is….

A

the removal of hydrogen from the molecule

58
Q

redox reactions are…

A

reactions that involve oxidation and reduction

59
Q

photoionisation is…

A

using light to excite electrons

60
Q

what is the electron transport chain?

A

a chain of proteins down which excited electrons move

61
Q

photosynthetic pigments are…

A

coloured substances in a leaf that absorb light

62
Q

what does photolysis of water produce?

A

protons, electrons and oxygen

A Level Biology (19 decks)

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