Populations & Evolution (Topic 7B) Flashcards
the Hardy-Weinberg principle states that…
the frequencies of alleles in a population remains constant over time
the five conditions that have to be met for the Hardy-Weinberg principle are:
- no mutations
- no immigration
- no selection
- mating is random
- population is large
frequency of 1 allele will always be ___ than _ and will be expressed as a _____
less
1
decimal
give the equations associated with the hardy weinberg principle
p + q = 1
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
what does p stand for in the hardy-weinberg principle?
dominant
what does p^2 stand for in the hardy-weinberg principle?
homozygous dominant
what does q^2 stand for in the hardy-weinberg principle?
homozygous recessive
what does q stand for in the hardy-weinberg principle?
recessive
the three types of natural selection are….
stabilising selection
directional selection
disruptive selection
directional selection works against ___ of the _____ in a range of ____
one
extremes
phenotypes
directional selection results in…
one phenotype becoming rare and another becoming common
stabilising selection works against ___ _____ in a range of ____
both extremes
phenotypes
stabilising selection results in…
range about the phenotype decreases
what are the 6 steps of natural selection?
- within a population, there are random mutations, which can lead to an advantageous phenotype, which make an individual more likely to survive.
- they reproduce and pass on the gene.
- A greater proportion of the next Generation have it
- They in turn on more likely to survive and pass on their genes
- The frequency of the allele increase every generation
- This leads to evolution as the allele becomes more common
name the 3 types of adaptions..
behavioural
physiological
anatomical
