Stimulants for ADHD Flashcards
ADHD research focuses on which two structures of the brain?
prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia
what are the 3 ADHD subtypes?
predominantly inattentive
predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
combined type
what is the drug target location of ADHD stimulant meds?
dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission in prefrontal cortex
what are other conditions we use ADHD stimulants for?
narcolepsy and obesity
what is the mechanism of action of amphetamines?
reverse transport of dopamine to increase dopamine release— amphetamines enter neurons and enter vesicles and cause an efflux of dopamine out of the dopamine transport receptor to increase dopamine levels
cocaine is a non-transported ________
inhibitor
amphetamines are substrates for NET, SERT, DAT, and?
VMAT
what is a consideration when dosing atomoxetine?
requires adjustment in hepatic impairment
what is the mechanism of action of atomoxetine?
inhibits NE and Ser transporters
what is the mechanism of action of alpha-2A adrenergic agonists such as clonidine and guanfacine?
reduce NE in prefrontal cortex
T/F clonidine and guanfacine can be used either or with stimulants or combined with each other
False, not used together
what are the SEs of clonidine and guanfacine?
sedation, low BP, slow HR, dizziness, HA, dry mouth
what is the mechanism of action of methylphenidate?
blocks dopamine transporter
what is the name of the new non-stimulant approved for ADHD?
viloxazine
why should you be concerned with epileptic patients taking amphetamines/methylphenidate?
they lower the seizure threshold
