Drug Abuse

Question 1

many dependence-producing drugs enhance ______ in the _______ _________ (projections from _____ _______ _____)

Answer 1

dopamine, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area

Question 2

define reverse tolerance or drug sensitization

Answer 2

some responses/side effects become much stronger than anticipated

Question 3

define drug dependence

Answer 3

administration of drug is required to maintain normal function

Question 4

what is the name of the act to place substances in categories 1-5?

Answer 4

controlled substance act of 1970

Question 5

which two anti-depressants can be used for smoking cessation? which class is not?

Answer 5

bupropion and nortiptyline (TCA)
SSRIs

Question 6

what drug class is varenicline?

Answer 6

alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist

Question 7

what is the mechanism of varenicline?

Answer 7

to release more dopamine to reduce cravings and withdrawal and prevent full activation of the receptor

Question 8

what is the mellanby effect?

Answer 8

you feel less drunk quicker than your blood alcohol level decreases

Question 9

how does disulfiram (antabuse) work to prevent the consumption of alcohol?

Answer 9

it inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme which converts acetaldehyde into acetate. Acetaldehyde causes unpleasant SEs (hangover) and is a bi-product of ethanol, since disulfiram blocks its further conversion the patient will have very unpleasant SEs (severe hangover) from drinking alcohol

Question 10

what are the 3 FDA approved treatments for alcohol use disorders?

Answer 10

disulfiram
naltrexone
acamprostate