Dementia Disorders Flashcards
primary dementia is aka ______ dementia
Irreversible
secondary dementia is aka ______ dementia
reversible
what is the most common type of dementia? (over 90% of cases)
Alzheimer’s disease
vascular dementia is associated with a history of _____
stroke
lewy body dementia is defined as dementia with _______ symptoms
parkinsonian
vascular dementia makes up less than ____ of irreversible dementia types
10%
lewy body dementia makes up less than ____ of irreversible dementia types
5%
frontotemporal dementia is aka as?
pick’s disease
frontotemporal dementia makes up less than ____ of irreversible dementia types
5%
what does MMSE stand for?
mini mental status examination
what does MoCA stand for?
montreal cognitive impairment
the MMSE is a 30-point scale where a ______ value means better function
higher
on the MoCA, a score less than 25/30 indicates?
significant cognitive impairment
what is the most common symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)?
memory impairment
all forms of AD show overproduction and/or decreased clearance of a family of proteins known as?
amyloid beta peptides
all forms of AD have ___ protein entailments
tau
frontotemporal dementia is characterized by ____ and ____
mood, aphasia
frontotemporal dementia responds well to what class of drugs?
antidepressants
what drug class may worsen symptoms of frontotemporal dementia?
cholinesterase inhibitors
what 2 things are distinct in lewy body dementia?
recurrent visual hallucinations and motor features of Parkinson’s disease
which drugs should be avoided in AD?
benzos, opioids, anticholinergics, and antipsychs
what are the three acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) which are considered first line agents for AD?
donepezil
galantamine
rivastigmine
what is the name of the glutamatergic inhibitor used for AD?
memantine
what dosage forms does donepezil come in?
what time of day is it given?
how often is it dosed?
tablets and ODT
morning
qd
what dosage forms does rivastigmine come in?
how often is it dosed?
capsules
oral solution
patch
bid
what dosage forms does galantamine come in?
how often is it dosed?
tablets
oral solution
ER capsules
qd
what are the main 5 SEs of CEIs?
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, syncope, and insomnia
CEIs should be discontinued in patients who develop?
bradycardia
what dosage forms does memantine come in?
tablets
oral solution
ER capsules
memantine-donepezil is a combo drug and is dosed?
qd
how long should we use a treatment to determine its efficacy?
3-6 months
as review; list the treatment(s) for each dementia type:
mild cognitive impairment
alzheimer’s
vascular dementia
lewy body dementia
frontotemporal dementia (pick’s disease)
no treatment
CEIs and memantine
control CV risk factors
CEIs and memantine
antidepressants/speech therapy
