STI and other Diseases Flashcards
How can STI’s be transmitted to healthcare workers?
Direct contact with lesions blood or saliva
What is the cause of Gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
2nd most common STI
How is Gonorrhea transmitted?
Sexual contact
What are the medical management for Gonorrhea?
Antibiotics
What are the antibiotics used for Gonorrhea?
- Ceftriaxone IM
- Alternative: Cefixime and oral Azithromycin
- Cephalosporin Allergy: Gemifloxacin and Azithromycin
What are the Dental Management for Gonorrhea?
- Dental care after begining antibiotics
- Use standard precautions
- Limited transmission risk once antibiotics begun
What are the oral manifestations for Gonorrhea?
- Rare outside of the oropharynx (back of throat)
- Oropharynx infection leads to pharyngitis (sore throat)
- erythematous throat with small pustules
- enlarged palatine tonsils with possible exudate
- cervical lymphadenopathy
Gonorrhea oral lesion
What is the cause of Syphillis?
Treponema pallidum
How is syphilis transmitted?
- Sexual contact
- In utero to fetus
What are the stages of syphilis?
- Primary- characterized by painless sores
- Secondary-manifesting as rash, fever, and other systemic symptoms
- Tertiary- marked by severe complications affecting the heart, brain, nerves, and other organs and possible death.
- Congenital- mother to fetus during pregnancy, resulting in severe health complications for the newborn.
What are the dental management for syphilis?
- Standard precautions for all PT unless oral lesion is present
- Refere to physican if undiagnosis lesion
- skin and mucous membranes infectious ( untreated primary and secondary)
What are the oral manifestations of syphilis?
- Primary: oral chancres on the lips, tongue, oropharynx;
possible lymphadenopathy; - Secondary: mucous (red or grayish-white) lesions, linear erosions, ulcerations, pharyngitis, May be asymptomatic
- Tertiary: Oral gumma (rare)
Tongue and palate: exophytic, indurated, ulcerated lesion; may erode bone and perforate into nasal cavity - Congenital: Hutchinson’s incisor, mulberry molars, high narrow palate, skin fissures around the mouth
What is Genital Herpes simplex virus caused by?
HSV-1- above waist (mouth, eyes, nose, braina and skin)
HSV-2 - Below the waist
How is syphillis transmitted?
HSV-1: Close contact, infected saliva (kissing)
HSV-2: Sexual contact
What medications are used for HSV?
Oral antivirals
- Acyclovir
- Famciclovir
- Valacyclovir
How is HSV managed in Dentistry?
- Disclosed on Medical Hx
- Asymp: Standard precautions
When do you defer Tx for HSV?
When lesions are infectious during papular, vesicular and ulcerative stages.
What are contact fingers in HSV called?
Herpetic whitlow
What are contact eyes with HSV called?
ocular herpes
What is the cause of infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein Bar virus 90%
Who does infecious mono affect?
Children
Adolescents
Young adults
How is infecious mono transmitted?
intimate personal contact
How is infective mono medically managed ?
Treat symptoms
(bedrest, fluids, pain management and gargling)
What are the dental management for infectious mono?
- defer treatment- symptomatic
reschedule for 4-weeks
What are the oral manifestations for infectious mono?
- palatal petechiae
- enlarged tonsils
- pharyngitis w/ exudate
- lymphadenopathy
How is HPV transmited?
- Sexual contact
- From the infected birth canal to fetus
How is HPV medically managed?
- Genital warts: surgical ablation, immunomodulatory agents,
electrosurgery, chemical destruction, topical agents - Cancer: surgery + radiation or chemotherapy
- Prevention; HPV vaccine (Gardasil 9)
What are the dental management for HPV?
- Minimal risk to DHCP
- Use standard precautions
What are the oral manifestations for HPV?
- Lesions on the tongue, gingiva, labial mucosa, palate
- Oral condylomata acuminatum
- Single lesions or multiple lesions in a cluster
- Ventral tongue, gingivae, labial mucosae, palate
