Liver and Kidney Disease Flashcards
What is the function of the liver?
- Metabolizes food by-products
- Drug detoxification
- Converts nitrogenous
substances for kidney excretion - Forms blood clotting factors
- Metabolism of bilirubin
- Processes lipids
- Stores glycogen
What are the causes of liver disease?
- Chronic Hepatitis B or C infection
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Genetic disorders
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Biliary disorders
- Infections
- Pathologic conditions
- drug use
What is cirrhosis?
Long term damage to liver like hepatitis and alcoholic lover disease
What are the five causes of acute hepatitis?
- Hep A,B,C,D,E
What is Hepatits A?
Hep A virus
What are common symptoms of viral hep?
- Hep A,B and C: diarrhea, impaired appetite, fever, pain or discomfort in abdomen, skin rash, joint pain, nausea, vomiting
- Hep D: Fatique, loss appetite, jaundice
What are the clinical presentation of Hep?
2-20 week range of incubation phases
* Preicteric - Fatigue, nausea,poor appetite, right-
upper quadrant pain, 3-10 day duration
* Icteric- Dark urine, jaundice, fatigue worsens, nausea, dysgeusia, weight loss, 1-3 week duration
What are the medical management for Hep?
- Bed rest
- Good nutrition
- Antiretroviral drugs
- Liver transplant
- Limit sexual contact
- Avoid alcohol
What is the medical management for Hep A/B?
- Immune globulin
- Vaccinations
- Report to the healthdepartment
What is the medical management for Hep C?
- Avoid high-risk behaviors
- Injection drug use
- Standard precautions
What is the medical management for Hep D?
- Prevent Hep. B infection
What is Hepatitis non A-E?
- viral hep that cannot be attributed to hep. A-E because no source of exposure can be identified
- similar clinical features
- no forms of prevention or treatment exist
What are the complications of Hep?
- Fulminant hep
- Chronic infection
What is the dental management if a person has active hep?
Only urgent dental care provided; use isolated operatory with limitedaerosols
What is the dental management if a person has a history of hep?
Follow strict aseptic procedures
What is the dental management if a person is at high risk for Hep B or C?
Screen; but no modifications
What is the dental management if a person is a carrier for hep?
Follow standard precautions; consult with
physician to determine current status
and future risks
What is the dental management signs or symptoms of hep?
No elective dental treatment; refer to physician;
provide urgent care only with limited aerosols
What is a alcoholic liver disease?
Excessive alcohol consumption → Scarring
Fatty Liver Disease
* Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, enlarged liver and spleen,
jaundice, ankle edema, spider angioma
* Ascites - abdominal fluid build-up
What is the medical management for alcoholic liver disease?
- Abstinence from alcohol
- Disulfiram (alcohol rehabilitation)
- Naltrexone and acamprosate (short use, relapse)
What is the dental treatment for alcoholic liver disease ?
- Prothrombin time
- Increased anesthetic and sedative tolerance
- Less ability to metabolize drugs
- Frequent care: biofilm, calculus, inflammation
- Severe → premedication
What is the function of the kidney ?
- Regulate body fluid volume
- Filter waste and toxins
- Maintain blood plasma pH
- Synthesize and release hormones
- Metabolize drugs
- Nephrons- Microscopic structural and functional unit
What are the oral manifestations and compliciations of Alcoholic liver disease?
abnormal bleeding
atrophic glossitis
petechiae
hepatocelluar carcinoma metastes to jaw (premolars, ramus)
oral candidiasis
lichen planus
Angular cheillitis
breathe; sweet, musty
what is the most common cause of kidney disease?
Most Common
* Diabetes Mellitus
* Hypertension
* Chronic Glomerulonephritis
* Polycystic Kidney Disease
