Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DH 2 > Physical Impairments Exam 6 > Flashcards

Physical Impairments Exam 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between Impairment, activity limitations, participatuon restrictions?

A

**Impairments **
Result of pathology, accident or disease and include any loss or abnormality in function, which may or may not be permanent
* 5 functions: Communication, movement, mental ability, medical health, sensory perception

Activity Limiatation
* Difficulty in executing major life activities as a result of a health condition

Participation restrictions
* Inability to take part in life situations for reasons beyond control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ADA defining disabilities?

A

A disability meets criteria:
* Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities
* Has a record of impairment limiting major life activity
* Is regarded as having an impairment

Categorized as:
* Developmental- Occur congenitally or during child develop (before 22 years old)
* Acquired- Occur after the age of 22 or Caused by disease, trauma, or bodily injury
* Age-associated- Occur later in life, over the age of 65, Chronic diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Spinal Cord Dysfunction & Injuries?

A
  • Total or partial loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function occurs below the level of injury
  • Fracture, dislocation, or both of one or more vertebrae
  • Compression, stretching, bending, or severing of cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cause of spinal cord injuries?

A
  • Viral and bacterial infections
  • Progressive degenerative disorders
  • Vascular accidents
  • Congenital conditions
  • Most common is trauma: Motor vehicle accidents, falls, diving accidents, violence
  • Adolescents and young adult men
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the symptoms of paralysis?

A
  • Nature of injury
  • Level of injury- Different areas of body controlled at different levels
  • Most severe = injury above C6
  • Complete Lesion: No sensation or motor function
  • Incomplete Lesion: Some sensation or motor function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the medical management for spinal cord injuries?

A
  • Surgery
  • Medications:Steroids reduce inflammation
  • Physical, occupational,or speech therapy
  • Continuous care support
  • Manage secondary complications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the medical management for secondary complications of spinal cord injuries?

A
  • Respiratory Function: Inability to functionally cough
  • Spasticity: Muscle-reflex spasms
  • Pressure Sores- Decubitus ulcer, Cutaneous tissue broken or destroyed → destruction of subcutaneous tissue → secondary bacterial infection
  • Body Temperature: high-level injury → inability to regulate
  • Infections: Urinary, decubitus ulcer, respiratory
  • Occurs above t6 injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the dental management for spinal cord injury ?

A
  • Transfer patient from wheelchair to dental chair
  • Gravity-drained urinary appliance
  • Susceptibility to postural hypotension
  • Frequent body position changes
  • Pad areas to relieve pressure and prevent sores
  • Four-Handed Dental Hygiene
  • Monitor vitals and body’s signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the mouth held implements and its criteria ?

A
  • uses: to increase independence, activities possble: light switches or telephone keys etc.
  • adequate oral orthosis: does not harmoral tissue, comfort, easy care, inexpensive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is spina bifida?

A
  • Congenital cleft in the bony encasement of the spinal
    cord (opening)
  • Neutral tube defect where spinal column fails to close
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are three most severe types of spina bifida?

A

** Spina bifida occulta**
* No outpouching of meninges or spinal cord through cleft
* No symptoms
Meningocele
* Protrusion of meninges through skull or spinal column
* Paralysis uncommon
Myelomeningocele
* Spinal cord protrusion or out pouching of spinal cord and its covering (meninges) through an opening (spina bifida)
* Flaccid paralysis of legs and lower trunk → depends on protrusion level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the medical management for spina bifida ?

A
  • Neurosurgery: closes opening to prevent infections
    Paralysis not lessened
    Orthopedic surgery
  • Reduce or correct deformities
    Support truck and lower limbs with bracing
    Ambulation
  • Hydrocephalus treatment
    Permanent drainage system
    Ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt or ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Spina Bifida: Hydrocephalus?

A
  • Abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
  • Congenital or acquired

Cerebrospinal fluid
* “Shock absorber”
* Deliver nutrients, remove waste
* Balance blood amount changes
* Flows between brain and spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the dental management for spina bifida?

A
  • Premedication with ventriculoatrial (VA) shunts
  • Increased latex sensitivity
  • Medication side effects → gingival enlargement from seizure
    medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is muscular dystrophies?

A
  • Progressive severe weakness and loss of use of muscle groups
  • Unknown cause
  • Limited to skeletal muscles; cardiac rarely involved
  • All muscular dystrophies are rare
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Duchenne?

A
  • Males
  • Symptoms between 2-5 years
    and before 10 years
  • Severe disablement by puberty
  • Wheelchair confined
  • Life expectancy <30 years
    • Musculature – muscle enlargement (calves)
  • Weakness of hips →frequent falls, difficulty standing
  • Lordosis – abdominal protuberance
  • Gait – waddling; walking on toes; flatfoot
17
Q

What is facioscapulohumeral?

A
  • Males and females affected equally
  • Symptoms between10-18 years; after
    puberty appear
  • Slower disablement
  • Normal life expectancy
    • Facial muscles involved; obicularis oris
  • Scapulae prominent; shoulder muscles weak; difficulty raising arms
  • Difficulty closing eyes completely
18
Q

What is the medical management for duchenne?

A
  • Gene therapy targets dystrophin protein
  • Corticosteroids
  • Psychosocial, cognitive, behavioral or physical therapy
19
Q

What is the medical management for facioscapulohumeral?

A
  • Surgery to stabilize scapulae
  • Orthoses
  • Occupational therapy
20
Q

What is the dental management for both types of muscular dystrophies?

A
  • Type of muscluar dystrophy
  • Medications and medical management
  • No medical consultations
  • Communicate with occulational and physical therapy about home care needs
  • Oral manifestations- facial muscle weakness- inadequate rinising
21
Q

What is bells palsy?

A
  • Paralysis of facial muscles innervated by 7th (VII) cranial nerve
  • Unknown cause- Bacterial and viral infections and Injury, Trauma from tooth removal or oral surgery
  • Incidence increases with each decade
  • Younger: females more
  • Males older than 50 years
22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms for bells palsy and its prognosis?

A

Signs and Symptoms
* Abrupt weakness or facial muscle paralysis
* One side of face
* Mouth – corner droops, uncontrollable salivation
* Eye – eyelids may not close, watering or drooping of lower lid increases infection risk

Prognosis
* Return to normal within a month, spontaneous recovery
* Lasting residual effects; permanent paralysis

23
Q

What are the medical management for bells palsy?

A

Palliative
* Eye protection during sleep; eye drops
* Massage involved muscles
* Hot compresses

Medications (i.e., steroids)

Surgical
* Improve appearance, facial symmetry, eye/mouth control
* Repair of facial nerve
* Nerve transplantation and grafts
* Muscle grafts

24
Q

What is Cerebral palsy?

A
  • Prenatal, natal, or postnatal injury to portions of the brain resulting in paralysis or disruption of motor parts
  • Occur at any age
24
Q

What is the dental management for bells palsy?

A
  • Involved side lacks self-cleaning ability
  • Precautions with anesthetic use on opposite side of involved side
  • Protective eyewear → eyelid lacks natural ability to close for protection
25
Q

What is the causes of bells palsy?

A

Prenatal
* Gestational or delivery anoxia
* Maternal infection
* Blood type incompatibility
* Severe nutritional lack during gestation
* Maternal diabetes endocrine imbalance

Postnatal (< 3 years)
* Infectious diseases (meningitis or encephalitis)
* Lead poisoning
* Direct accidental trauma
* Battery

26
Q

What are the caracterisitcs of cerebral palsy and its motor types?

A

Characteristics

  • Classified by motor activity
  • Different parts of brain damaged in each type

Types can be mixed
* Motor Types
* Spastic
* Athetoid
* Ataxia
* Mixed

27
Q

What is spastic ?

A
  • Brain damage to motor area of cerebral cortex
  • Increase muscle tone, tension, activity
  • Sudden spasms
  • Complete or partial loss of ability to control muscle movement
  • Lack of control
28
Q

What is Ataxia?

A
  • Brain damage to cerebellum
  • Loss of equilibrium; balance and orientation difficult; walk uncertain; difficulty sitting upright
  • Lack of coordination of voluntary muscles
29
Q

What is athetoid?

A
  • Brain damage to basal ganglia
  • Constant, involuntary, unorganized muscular movement
  • Lack of ability to direct muscles in desired motion- Most difficult dental patient
  • Grimacing, drooling, speech defects
  • Exaggerated muscle movement
30
Q

What is the medical management for cerebral palsy?

A
  • Surgical, orthopedic, medical care
  • Speech, physical, occupational therapy
  • Bracing of lower limbs
  • Use of cane, crutches, walker, wheelchair
  • Tranquilizers to reduce tension, aid in limiting problems associated with nerve damage
31
Q

What is the denal management for cerebral palsy?

A

Complicated → difficult cooperation
* Athetoid ≠ lack of cooperation
* Inability to communicate ≠ lack of comprehension
* Address patient directly, not through caregiver

Uncontrolled movement → injury
* Bite block

Assistance during appointment
* Caregiver, family
* Sedation premedication

32
Q

What are the oral manifestations for cerebral palsy?

A
  • Disturbances in musculature
  • Malocclusion
  • Attrition: Most extensive in athetoid type
  • Fractured teeth
  • Dental caries
  • Seizures = phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth
  • Inflammation related to mouth breathing
  • Increased biofilm, calculus, food retention

DH 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions