HIV/AIDS Flashcards
Exams 3
What cell does HIV attacks?
White blood cells/CD4
What is AIDS?
The late stage of HIV
Where does HIV enter and what does it seek out?
Enters the bloodstream and seeks out T lymphocytes (T4/T-helper)
How is HIV Transmitted?
Through infected bodily fluids:
* Pregnancy
* Breatfeeding
* Nonsterile needles
* Blood Transfusion
* Organ transplant
* unprotected sex
Who is HIV more prevalence in?
- Age 13-34
- Male
- Blacks
- Injection drug users
- Male to Male sexual contact
What are the signs/symptoms of a recently infected individuals?
No signs or symptoms
What are the signs/symptoms of a Stage 1: Acute seroconversion syndrome infected individuals?
- 1-3 weeks after infections
- Fever
- Weakness
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- vomiting
- myalgia
- weight loss
- headache
- pharyngitis
- skin rashes
- lymphadenopathy
- SYMPTOMS CLEAR up on 1-2 weeks
What are the signs/symptoms of a Stage 2: Laten period (asympotomatic) and early symptomatic infected individuals?
Stage 2: latent period- Asymptomatic
Stage 2: early symptomatic:
* Without treatment last about 1-3 yrs
* Generalized lymphadenopathy
* Fungal infections
* Vaginal yeast
* trichomonal infections
* Oral hairly leukoplakia
* Herpes zoster
* HSV
* HV retinopathy
* Fever
* Night sweats
* Fatigue
* Diarrhea
* Weight loss
* Weakness
What are the signs/symptoms of a Stage 3: AIDS infected individuals?
Opportunistic infections like:
* Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia,
* cryptococcus,
* tuberculosis,
* toxoplasmosis,
* histoplasmosis
* Malignancies- Kaposi sarcoma,
* Burkitt lymphoma,
* non-Hodgkin lymphoma,
* primary CNS lymphoma,
* invasive cervical cancer,
* carcinoma of rectum,
* slim (wasting) disease
What are other signs and symptoms of HIV?
- Flu like symptoms within 2-4 weeks
- No symptoms
What are the medical management for HIV/AIDS?
**Goals:
* Survival
* restore preserve immunologic function
* Supress plasma HIV load
* Prevent transmission
**Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
* Given to inhibit HIV replication
* Given to restore immune dysfunction
* For all HIV positive PT
* Close physician monitoring
**Chemoprophylaxis
* Given when CD4+ levels drop to prevent opportunistic infection
What are the three areas of treatment?
- Antiretroviral Therapy
- Prophylaxis for opportunistic infection
- HIV-related complications
How is HIV managed within dentistry?
- Thorough health history
- Refer for physician consult if symps are present but no diagnosis
- USE standard precautions for treatment as with all PT
If a clinician is HIV postive what should they do?
They should inform the Patient of their status and recieve consent to treat or not
When treatment planning what to consider?
CD4+ count and viral load levels- consult physican
What CD4+ count is okay to treat?
- count greater than 350 cells
- Count less than 200 cells increases pt to infection and may require antibiotic prophylaxis and other antibacterial measures
T/F A patient is asymptomatic, that means we are required to make modifications?
False- No modifications needed follow standard precautions.
How do you complete NSPTs on HIV+ patients?
Complete several teeth and evaluate response and bleeding before moving/ treating the entire mouth.
When to treat HIV+ PT?
- HIV+ no Symptoms
- Adjunctive antibacterial measures are required if CD4+ is less than 200 cells
- Ok to treat when greater than 350 cells
When to delay Tx?
- medical consult if symptoms are present
- CD4+ count is less than 200cells, PT is at risk for opportunistic infections.
What are the common Head, Necka and oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS?
- Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
◦ Oral candidiasis (pseudomembranous, erythematous,
hyperplastic, angular cheilitis)
◦ HIV-associated periodontal disease
◦ Linear gingival erythema (LGE)
◦ Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
◦ Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)
◦ Necrotizing stomatitis (NS)
◦ Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
◦ Varicella zoster virus infection (VZV)
◦ Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL)
◦ Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
What are some less common head, neck and oral manifestations?
- Aphthous stomatitis- minor, major, herpetiform
◦ Human papilloma virus (HPV):
◦ Verruca vulgaris; oral squamous papilloma
◦ Histoplasmosis
◦ Molluscum contagiosum
◦ Thrombocytopenia
◦ HIV-associated salivary gland disease
◦ Hyperpigmentation
◦ Lymphoma
◦ Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
