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Y3- I & W > STI > Flashcards

STI Flashcards

1
Q

which STIs are curable

A

syphilis
gonorrhoea
chlamydia
trichomoniasis

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2
Q

what STIs are uncurable

A

Hep B
Herpes simplex
HIV
HPV

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3
Q

have there been any cases of drug resistant STIs

A

yes 2017 3 cases of N gonorrhoea which is resistant

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4
Q

why was there a steep decline in genital warts since 2014

A

due to girls/boys also getting the HPV vaccine

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5
Q

give examples of bacterial STIs

A

chlamydia
gonorrhoea
syphilis

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6
Q

give examples of parasitic STIs

A

trichomoniasis

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7
Q

how can trichomoniasis be treated

A

single dose antibiotics

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8
Q

how can Herpes/HIV be cured

A

can be modulated but not cured

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9
Q

how can hep B be cured

A

it cannot be cured but antivirals can slow liver damage down

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10
Q

how do we separate diseases

A

non viral

viral

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11
Q

examples of viral STIs

A

HPV
herpes simplex virus 1& 2
hep B
HIV

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12
Q

what are the risk factors of STIS

A 
Unprotected sex 
Oral sex 
Multiple partners- risk is proportional to numbers
Previous STIs 
Alcohol/rec drug misuse 
Injecting drugs
Young( 50% cases is in 15-24 age groups)
Erectile dysfunction medications
Holiday sex
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13
Q

describe syphilis

A

chronic STI
has this outer sheath which impairs the immune system
sexually transmitted
can be vertical syphilis- from mother to baby- congenital syphilis

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14
Q

what is congenital syphilis

A

syphilis from birth from mother to baby via vertical transmission

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15
Q

what bacteria is syphilis from

A

gram -ve bacteria called treponema pallidum

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16
Q

what are the four stages of

A

primary
secondary
latent
tertiary

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17
Q

describe primary syphilis

A

symptoms occur 10-90 days after exposure
lesion( chancre ) at the site of infection
progression to ulcer after 7 days

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18
Q

when do symptoms of primary syphilis start showing

A

10-90 days

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19
Q

what are the symptoms of primary syphilis

A

chancre at the site of infection
painless solitary
can be found on genital/oral area
lymphadenopathy

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20
Q

how does primary syphilis spread

A

via haemtologic and lymphatic dissemination

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21
Q

how does the chancre heal

A

with or without therapy

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22
Q

what histological cells can be seen in the primary syphilis infiltrate

A

plasma cells
macrophages
lymphocytes

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23
Q

what is the treatment for primary syphilis

A

benzathine penicillin

doxycycline

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24
Q

how is primary syphilis diagnosed

A

serology
PCR
darkfield microscopy

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25
Q

when does secondary syphilis occur

A

2 weeks to 6 mnths post exposure

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26
Q

clinical symptoms of secondary syphilis

A 
painless superficial lesions of the skin
on the palms and soles of feet 
symmetric rash - on moist areas such as inner thighs, anogenital 
condylomata lata 
lymphadenopathy 
mild fever 
malaise
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27
Q

what is condylomata lata

A

broad based elevated plaques

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28
Q

what are the symptoms of secondary syphilis

A

visual changes- uveitis retinal necrosis
CN nerve palsies
aseptic meningitis syndrome

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29
Q

describe latent syphilis

A

asymptomatic
1 year post infection
symptom relapse due to bacterial replication

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30
Q

what are the three components of tertiary syphilis

A

neurosyphilis
cardiovascular syphilis
benign tertiary syphilis

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31
Q

what are the components of neurosyphilis

A

· Meningovascular syphilis
· General paresis
Tapes dorsalis

32
Q

describe meningovascular syphilis

A

when the syphilis affects the meninges around the brain but also the base

33
Q

what else can we have in meningovascular syphilis

A

obliterative vascular inflammation heubner arteritis

cerebral gummas what extend into the parenchyma

34
Q

what are cerebral gummas

A

plasma cell rich lesions

35
Q

what else can syphilis lead to

A

psychiatric admissions

36
Q

symptoms of tertiary syphilis

A 
memory loss 
personality change 
depression
argyll robertson pupils 
severe dementia
37
Q

what is argyll robertson pupil

A

when pupils do not constrict to bright lights

bilateral small pupils

38
Q

describe tabes dorsalis

A

involves the peripheral nerves

39
Q

what are the symptoms of tabes dorsalis

A

lighting pains
ataxia
argyll robertson pupil

40
Q

what is ataxia

A

loss of proprioception

41
Q

describe cardiovascular tertiary syphilis

A

Inflammation of the proximal aorta

Also can involve occlusion of the vasa vasorum which is scarring of the proximal aortic wall causing loss of elasticity

42
Q

describe gummatous syphilis

A

formation of gummas in the bone skin and mucous membranes of the upper resp airway

43
Q

what serology can we carry out for syphilis

A

VDRL- venereal disease research lab

TPPA- treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay

44
Q

what does VDRL show

A

non specific IgG/IgM

quantitative testing

45
Q

how do we test for neurosyphilis

A

CSF testing- +ve VDRL and raised WCC

46
Q

which bacteria causes chlamydia

A

bacteria chlamydia trachomatis

47
Q

describe chlamydia

A

most common STI in UK

more than 50% cases asymptomatic

48
Q

how does chlamydia affect women

A

the cervix and or urethra which leads to PV discharge

49
Q

how does chlamydia affect men

A

urethra leading to dysuria

50
Q

what does chlamydia put you at risk of

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease
Endometriosis
Premature births/infertility
Reactive arthritis( Reiter syndrome)

51
Q

symptoms of chlamydia

A

no oral manifestations

sore throat, pharyngitis

52
Q

treatment of chlamydia

A

antibiotic therapy

azithromycin or doxycycline

53
Q

what bacteria causes gonorrhoea

A

NEISseria gonorrhoea -ve aerobic

54
Q

describe what happens to women when they have gonorrhoea

A

urethral/ vaginal discharge and dysuria which can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease

55
Q

describe what happens to men with gonorrhoea

A

dysuria
urethral discharge
epididymis

56
Q

treatment of gonorrhoea

A

IM ceftriaxone
oral cefixime
oral azithromycin

57
Q

what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

sore throat with redness exudates

58
Q

describe Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

ascending infection of the vulva vagina which spreads to other areas of female genital systems

59
Q

what are the main causes of pelvic inflammatory disease

A

gonorrhoea and chlamydia

60
Q

what are the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease

A 
pelvic pain
adnexal tenderness 
fever 
discharge 
puerperal infections 
post spontaneous abortions
61
Q

what are the acute complications of PID

A

peritonitis and bacteraemia which can cause endocarditis, meningitis

62
Q

what are the chronic complications of PID

A

infertility and tubal obstruction
pelvic pain
intestinal obstruction due to adhesions forming

63
Q

what is the treatment of PID

A

antibiotics

64
Q

describe HPV

A

causes cervical cancer

65
Q

which strains of HPV are transmitted via oral genital contact

A

6 and 11

66
Q

how does HPV enter

A

is the basal epithelial layer through microabrasions in genital skin during sexual contact

67
Q

what is the treatment of HPV

A

cryotherapy
immune modulation
surgical

68
Q

which strains of HPV are likely to cause visible warts

A

16

18

69
Q

what are the two types of Herpes simplex virus

A

HSV-1

HSV-2

70
Q

how does HSV-1 transmit

A

transmission oral to oral contact

71
Q

how is HSV-2 transmitted

A

STI that causes genital herpes

72
Q

what are the symptoms of herpes

A

painful blisters or ulcers at the site of infection

73
Q

describe HSV-1

A

Cold sores
They are vesicles which form larger vesicles
Usually found at the mucocutaneus junction of the skin/lips
They can rupture/ulcerate to live viral particles and transfer
genital infection is due to oral-genital contact

74
Q

what are the symptoms of herpes simplex

A

Cervical lymphadenopathy
Malaise
Fever
Irritability

75
Q

can we eliminate Herpes simplex

A

latent in the trigeminal ganglion and reactivate

There is no clue but we can help alleviate symptoms

76
Q

what do antivirals control

A

the duration
frequency
severity

Y3- I & W (21 decks)

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