Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3- I & W > Immunity to microbial infection > Flashcards

Immunity to microbial infection Flashcards

1
Q

what antimicrobial factors are present in the oral cavity

A

lysozyme
antibodies
antimicrobial peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do lysozymes do

A

cleaving the bonds between the peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which antibodies are most abundant in saliva

A

IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which antibodies are most abundant in GCF

A

IgM

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

give examples of antimicrobial peptides

A

defensins
histastins
LL37

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

give examples of the innate immune system cells

A

macrophages

neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe host defence peptides

A

they are Short cationic peptides- meaning overall +ve charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where are host defence peptides

A

Present in saliva and GCF
Production from
salivary glands, leukocytes and epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do host defence peptides

A

→ Bactericidal activity
→ Antiviral activity
→ Immune cell recruitment
Immune cell activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe defensins

A

alpha and beta defensins
widely expressed in the body
short peptides
○ Conserved pattern of 6 paired cysteine residues and 3 disulphide bonds
○ Conserved structure of beta sheets
They are produced as a proforma and then proteolytically cleaved to be activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe a defensins

A

produced by neutrophils

aka human neutrophil peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many human neutrophil peptides are expressed in the oral cavity

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where do HNP1 and 3 differ

A

in the n terminal amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which HNP is high in abundance in saliva and GCF

A

HNP 1, 2 , 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how long are the a Defensins genes

A

25-35AA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where are alpha defensins stored

A

in primary granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens to alpha defensins in disease

A

→ Increased levels found in aggressive periodontitis

Less found in edentulous pts and Morbus Kostmann disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the immune activities of a defensins

A

1) HNP1,2,3 are directly chemotactic for monocytes
2) They can increase neutrophil recruitment by
→ Increasing IL-8 production
→ Regulate cytokines expression increasing pro inflammatory cytokine expression whilst inhibiting anti inflammatory IL-10
→ Induce mast cell degranulation histamine release and vasodilation
Promote the induction of adaptive immune through the activity od dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe beta defensins

A

four types of beta defensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the four types of beta defensins

A

→ hBD-1 constitutively expressed
→ hBD-2 inducible except in the oral cavity expression is constitutive
→ hBD-3 inducible
hBD1-4 expressed at low levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the length of beta defensins

A

They are all 36-45 AA in length

22
Q

which bacteria can alpha defensins be against

A

→ Such as S mutans
→ P gingivalis
→ A Actinomycetesomitans
C albicans

23
Q

where are beta defensins expressed in the oral cavity

A

cells of the gingiva, salivary glands, tongue mucosa and mainly epithelial cells

24
Q

which epithelial cells express HBD1 + HBD2

A

Stratum spinosum and granulosum

25
Q

which epithelial cells express HBD3

A

stratified basal layer

26
Q

give examples of bacteria that HBD3 defensins act against

A 
Including P gingivalis 
S mutans 
F nucleatum 
T denticola 
A actinomycetescomitans
27
Q

give examples of bacteria that HBD2 defensins act against

A

Active against gram -ve + candida sp

28
Q

give examples of bacteria that HBD1 defensins act against

A 
Least potent 
Active against 
P gingivalis 
AA 
F Nucleatum
29
Q

describe the anti viral activity of defensins

A 
1) Targeting lipid envelope 
	Changes the shape of the envelope and therefore makes it harder to infect the host 
	2) Extracellular aggression 
	3) Receptor blocking 
	4) Inhibition of fusion 
	5) Blocking uncoating 
Cellular changes
30
Q

describe LL37

A

a helical structure
present in the salivary glands and GCF
the only human membrane of cathlecidin

31
Q

what is LL37 produced by

A

epithelial cells and leukocytes

32
Q

what is the length of LL37 in the active form

A

37AA

33
Q

what is ll37 stored by

A

as a HCAP-18 proforma in secondary granules

34
Q

what is the names of some gram -ve bacteria that antimicrobials are against

A

p intermedia
p gingivalis
f nucleateum
AA

35
Q

what is the names of some gram +ve bacteria that antimicrobials are against

A

s gordonii

s sanguinis

36
Q

what is the actions of LL37

A

reduces candida binding to the epithelium
promotion of healing
auto aggregation of candida albicans
inhibits inflammatory response to gram -ve LPS
stimulates pro inflammatory responses
direct chemoattractant

37
Q

what models can we use to see antimicrobial peptide insertion into lipid layer

A

barrel stave model
toroidal model
carpet method

38
Q

what is the barrel stave method used for

A

perforin

39
Q

what is the toroidal method

A

generates a pore and lined with AMP(antimicrobial peptides) and the lipid head of the bacterial cell membrane

40
Q

what is the carpet method

A

little micelles being ripped off the membrane

41
Q

describe histatins

A

histadine rich
mildly amphipathic
produced by the major salivary glands

42
Q

what are the prominent human histatins

A

1,3 ,5

43
Q

what is the length of a histatins

A

7-38AA

44
Q

which species is histatin have the greatest potency for

A

candida- they disrupt the mitochondrial respiration

45
Q

what is the definition for a hypersensitivity reaction

A

An abnormal or exaggerated reaction to the ingestion, inhalation or contact with a substance that does not provoke a reaction in most people

46
Q

what are the types of hypersensitivity reaction

A

I
II
III
IV

47
Q

how are reactions grouped

A

according to the immune effector mechanisms that mediate the response and type of antigens that stimulates them

48
Q

describe Type I HS reaction

A

immune reactant IgE
antigen is soluble
EFFECTOR MECHANISM IS mast cell activation
example- allergic asthma

49
Q

describe type 2 HS reactions

A

IR- igG
antigen- cell surface receptor or cell/matrix associated antigen
effector mechanism- antibody altering for cell surface receptor and complement for cell/matrix assoc antigen
example- drug allergies eg penicillin

50
Q

describe type III HS reactions

A

IR- IgG
antigen is soluble
effector mechanism- complement
example- serum sickness

51
Q

describe type IV HS reactions

A 
1. IR- tH1 cell 
soluble antigen 
effector mechanism- macrophage activation 
example- dermatitis 
2. IR-TH2 cells 
soluble antigen 
effector mechanism- IgE production, eosinophil activation 
example- chronic asthma
3. IR- ctl 
cell assoc antigen
effector mechanism- cytotoxicity 
example- graft rejection, allergic contact
52
Q

what are some dental allergies we can see

A

latex allergy- immediate
antibiotics- penicillin
nickel
titanium allergies

Y3- I & W (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions