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Y3- I & W > micro-classification and identification fo bacteria of medical importance > Flashcards

micro-classification and identification fo bacteria of medical importance Flashcards

1
Q

why do we need to learn medical microbiology

A

to study microbes that cause disease

help with diagnosis prevention and treatment

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2
Q

what is the germ theory of disease

A

Changed peoples perception of microbes and the aetiology agents of disease
discovered by louis pasteur

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3
Q

what are the three main types of organisms

A

eukaryotes
prokaryotes
viruses

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4
Q

give examples of eukaryotes

A

fungi and protozoa

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5
Q

give examples of prokaryotes

A

eubacteria

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6
Q

describe viruses

A

non cellular

50-100 mm in length

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7
Q

what are bacteria divided into

A

gram +ve and gram -ve

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8
Q

describe gram negative bacteria

A

have a thinner cell wall by a phospholipid membrane with LPS molecules attached

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9
Q

what shape are cocci bacteria

A

circular

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10
Q

what shape are rod/bacilli bacteria

A

long straight noodle shape

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11
Q

what shape are coccobacilli

A

stretched out oval

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12
Q

what shape a vibrio

A

curved C shape

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13
Q

what shape are spirilla

A

wiggle shaped

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14
Q

how do we identify bacteria in the lab

A

they need to be isolated and in pure culture

then cultivated on columbia blood agar

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15
Q

how many bacteria can we currently cultivate

A

around 700 app

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16
Q

why can we not cultivate all bacteria

A

due to the fact we cannot correctly simulate all the conditions needed to grow certain bacteria

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17
Q

what are the types of differential characteristics

A

colony morphology

cell morphology

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18
Q

what is colony morphology

A

a change in shape haemolysis and pigment

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19
Q

what is cell morphology

A

shape spores and gram staining

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20
Q

describe the different types of haemolysis

A

a - species produce enzymes that cause oxidation of the iron in the haemoglobin molecule and that leads to a yellow green shine around these species
b - enzymes that causes complete rupture of the haemoglobin cells
gamma - no haemolytic enzymes produced

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21
Q

what is the procedure of gram staining

A 
fixation 
WASH 
crystal violet 
WASH 
iodine 
WASH 
decolorisation using alcohol 
WASH 
counter stain 
WASH
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22
Q

describe +ve bacteria

A

+ bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan outer wall and therefore the cell wall absorbs the violet and binds to the iodine

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23
Q

describe gram -ve bacteria

A

bacteria have a thin outer membrane wall and therefore cannot retain the crystal violet and iodine colour

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24
Q

what colour does gram +ve bacteria change to

A

purple

25
Q

what colour does gram -ve bacteria change to

A

pink

26
Q

what are some other differential characteristics

A

metabolic activity
antigens
cellular composition
DNA

27
Q

example of another stain test

A

ziehl neelsen test

28
Q

describe the ziehl neelsen test

A

adapted version of the gram stain

29
Q

what are the steps to the ziehl neelsen test

A

carbol function
decolorisation
methylene blue

30
Q

describe the catalase test

A

determines whether a sample of bacteria is capable of producing the catalase enzyme
using H202 and if the catalase is present then H202–> water and O2

31
Q

describe the coagulase test

A

test the bacteria ia capable of producing a coagulase enzyme
soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin

32
Q

which bacteria is coagulase positive

A

s aureus

33
Q

describe the oxidase test

A

testing for Cytochrome C oxidase

reagent turns dark blue when oxidised and colourless when negative

34
Q

give examples for which bacteria we can use the oxidase test for

A

nicerella campylobacter and pasteurella sp

35
Q

give examples of gram +ve bacilli

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium leprae- Leprosy
Mycobacterium avium

36
Q

give examples of spore producing gram +ve bacilli

A 
bacillus anthracis
bacillus cerus
clostridium spp 
clostridium perferingens 
c tentani 
c botulinum
37
Q

give examples of motile and non sporing bacilli

A

listeria spp
corynebacteria- c diphtheria
propionibacteria- p acnes

38
Q

what does clostridium perfringens cause

A

gas gangrene

39
Q

what does c tetani cause

A

tetanus

40
Q

describe listeria spp

A

major human pathogen is listeria monocytogenes
causing listeriosis
not advised in pregnancy
babies who can this can suffer from meningitis or septicaemia

41
Q

what is listeria monocytogenes found

A

in cheese and pates

42
Q

describe diphtheria

A

mucosal disease of the throat and nose. prevented by vaccine. If untreated it can cause damage of kidneys and the heart

43
Q

which bacterias are cala tase negative

A

streptococci

strep pneumoniae

44
Q

which bacteria is catalase positive

A

staphylococci aureus

45
Q

give examples of gram -ve cocci bacteria

A

veillonella spp
parvobacteria
acinobacters
neisseria spp

46
Q

describe veillonella spp

A

obligately anaerobic meaning no oxygen for growth
important members of the human oral microbiota
isolated in dental plaque

47
Q

describe parvobacteria and acinobacters

A

opportunistic bacteria causing infection in compromised pt

48
Q

describe neisseria spp

A

neisseria meningitis causing meningoccal meningitis

n gonorrhoea causing gonorrhoea

49
Q

give examples of gram -ve bacilli bacteria

A 
haemophilus spp 
h influenza 
legionella app 
l pneumophilia 
bordetella spp
50
Q

describe h influenza

A

associated with respiratory infections

may cause epiglossitis

51
Q

describe legionella spp

A

L penumophilia caking legionaries disease

52
Q

describe bordetella spp

A

bordetella pertussis causing whooping cough

53
Q

which species are part of of the enterobacteriacaeae oxidase negative

A 
E coli 
Y pestis 
S dysenteriae 
salmonella spp
providencia spp
54
Q

describe e coli

A

member of the commensal gut bacteria

55
Q

describe y pestis

A

caused the plague

56
Q

describe s dysenteriae

A

causes bacterial dysentery

57
Q

describe salmonella

A

salmonella enterica causes gastroenteritis

salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever

58
Q

describe providencia spp

A

causes UTI in people with catheters

59
Q

give examples of gram -ve bacilli which are oxidase positive

A 
campylobacter spp 
vibrio spp 
brucella spp 
flavobacterium spp 
pseudomonas spp

Y3- I & W (21 decks)

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