STI Flashcards
What groups does impact of STI remain highest in
Heterosexuals <25
Men who have sex with men (MSM)
What STI is the most common
Chlamydia
Which 2 STIs have been diagnosed more in MSM recently
Syphilis
Gonorrhoea
Which group has the highest rate of new STI
Young adults aged 15-24
What age bracket do women experience higher rates of STI
15-24
What age bracket do men experience higher rate of STI
25-59
Which ethnic group has the highest rate of STI diagnoses
Black/ black british
What kind of pathogen is chlamydia tachomatis
Obligate intracellular pathogen
What are the symptoms of chlamydia in men when caused by serovars D-K
Urethritis
Epipdidymitis
Prostatitis
What are the symptoms/ complications of chlamydia in women when caused by serovars D-K
Cervicitis
PID
Fitz-High Curtis
What is Lymphogranuloma venereum
Infection of the lymph nodes around the groin caused by serovars L1-3 of the chlamydias trachomatis
What are the long term complication of chlamydia
Reactive arthritis
infertility
2 drugs used to treat chlamydia
Azithromycin
Doxycycline
What microorganism causes genital warts
Human papilloma virus
With carcinomas are associated with genital warts
Ano-genital
Oro-pharyngeal carcinoma
How are genital warts managed
Topical podophyllotoxon
Imiquimod
What are the symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoea in males
Urethritis Proctitis Sore throat Epididymitis Prostatitis
What is proctitis
Inflamamtion of the inner lining of the rectum
What are the symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoea in females
Cervicitis
PID
peri-hepatitis
septic abortion
What are the symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoea in neonates
Conjunctivitis
What are the complication of gonorrhoea
Septic arthritis
Blindness
Infertility
Septicaemia
What drug is used to treat gonorrhoea
Ceftriaxone
Which form of herpes simple virus causes oral symptoms and which causes genital
Oral= HSV-1 Genital= HSV 2
What drugs are used to manage herpes
Aciclovir
Famciclovir
Valaciclovir
What disease does treponema pallidum cause
Syphilis
2 treatment options for syphilis
Penicilin
Doxycycline
What are the features of primary syphilis
Single, painless chancre
Lymphandenopathy
Infectious
What are the features of secondary syphilis
Rash, fever, lymphadenopathy
Condyloma lata
Is serology positive in primary or secondary syphilis or both
Secondary
Treatment/ management options for HIV
Antiretroviral therapy
PEP
When/ where can routine testing be done for HIV
GUM
Ante-natal
T0P
DDU
What % of patients develop symptoms within 2-6 weeks of HIV infection
75
What happens to CD4 levels during primary HIV infection
Reduces
What stage of HIV is the highest risk of transmission
Primary
What are the most common features of primary HIV infection
- Headache
- Lymhadenopathy
- Oral/ genital ulceration
- Nausea
- Rash
- Fever, fatigue
- Weight loss/ night sweats
How does HIV cause disease
- HIV infects CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells
- Acute HIV infection leads to massive loss of CD4+
- Chronic HIV associated with on going loss of CD4+, decline in immune function and progressive immunosuppresion
What are the direct effects of HIV
Wasting, diarrhoea, neurological problems
What malignancies can arise from HIV
Kaposis sarcoma
Lymphoma
Carcinoma cervix
What are the risks if CD4 <200
Risk PCP (pneumocytosis pneumonia), gut infections
What are the risks if CD4 <100
CMV (pizza eye) MAI Cryptosporidiosis Toxoplasmosis (BRAIN) Kaposis sarcoma (brown blotches on skin)
What are the aims of antiretroviral therapy
- Suppression of HIV replication
- CD4 count recovery
- Immune reconstitution
- Long term reduced risk of morbitity and mortality
What is HAART
Highly active antiretroviral therapy
When does HAART act
During viral replication cycle to prevent production of new HIV particles
Name the 6 classes of HAART
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Non-NRTI
- Protease inhibitors
- Fusion inhibitors
- Iintegrase inhibitors
- Co-receptor antagnoist
Which 2 classes of drugs target the place where HIV goes in
Fusion inhibitor
Co-receptor antagonist
Where do NRTI and NNRTI act
On reverse transcriptase
Synthesises RNA into DNA
Where does integrase inhibitor work
INtegrase enzyme which integrates viral DNA in cell genome
Where does protease inhibitor work
On protease inhibitor which cuts up the protein
What are the short term problems with HAART
Nausea/ vomiting/ headache
Sleep disturbance
What are the long term problems with HAART
Lipodystrophy
Renal dysfunction
Peripheral neuropathy
Lactic acidosis
What is IRIS
Paradoxical inflammatory reaction to pathogen
What are the indications of PEP and PEPSE
High risk sexual exposure
Needlestick
