STI

Question 1

What groups does impact of STI remain highest in

Answer 1

Heterosexuals <25

Men who have sex with men (MSM)

Question 2

What STI is the most common

Answer 2

Chlamydia

Question 3

Which 2 STIs have been diagnosed more in MSM recently

Answer 3

Syphilis

Gonorrhoea

Question 4

Which group has the highest rate of new STI

Answer 4

Young adults aged 15-24

Question 5

What age bracket do women experience higher rates of STI

Answer 5

15-24

Question 6

What age bracket do men experience higher rate of STI

Answer 6

25-59

Question 7

Which ethnic group has the highest rate of STI diagnoses

Answer 7

Black/ black british

Question 8

What kind of pathogen is chlamydia tachomatis

Answer 8

Obligate intracellular pathogen

Question 9

What are the symptoms of chlamydia in men when caused by serovars D-K

Answer 9

Urethritis
Epipdidymitis
Prostatitis

Question 10

What are the symptoms/ complications of chlamydia in women when caused by serovars D-K

Answer 10

Cervicitis
PID
Fitz-High Curtis

Question 11

What is Lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 11

Infection of the lymph nodes around the groin caused by serovars L1-3 of the chlamydias trachomatis

Question 12

What are the long term complication of chlamydia

Answer 12

Reactive arthritis

infertility

Question 13

2 drugs used to treat chlamydia

Answer 13

Azithromycin

Doxycycline

Question 14

What microorganism causes genital warts

Answer 14

Human papilloma virus

Question 15

With carcinomas are associated with genital warts

Answer 15

Ano-genital

Oro-pharyngeal carcinoma

Question 16

How are genital warts managed

Answer 16

Topical podophyllotoxon

Imiquimod

Question 17

What are the symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoea in males

Answer 17

Urethritis
Proctitis
Sore throat
Epididymitis
Prostatitis

Question 18

What is proctitis

Answer 18

Inflamamtion of the inner lining of the rectum

Question 19

What are the symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoea in females

Answer 19

Cervicitis
PID
peri-hepatitis
septic abortion

Question 20

What are the symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoea in neonates

Answer 20

Conjunctivitis

Question 21

What are the complication of gonorrhoea

Answer 21

Septic arthritis
Blindness
Infertility
Septicaemia

Question 22

What drug is used to treat gonorrhoea

Answer 22

Ceftriaxone

Question 23

Which form of herpes simple virus causes oral symptoms and which causes genital

Answer 23

Oral= HSV-1
Genital= HSV 2

Question 24

What drugs are used to manage herpes

Answer 24

Aciclovir
Famciclovir
Valaciclovir

Question 25

What disease does treponema pallidum cause

Answer 25

Syphilis

Question 26

2 treatment options for syphilis

Answer 26

Penicilin | Doxycycline

Question 27

What are the features of primary syphilis

Answer 27

Single, painless chancre Lymphandenopathy Infectious

Question 28

What are the features of secondary syphilis

Answer 28

Rash, fever, lymphadenopathy | Condyloma lata

Question 29

Is serology positive in primary or secondary syphilis or both

Answer 29

Secondary

Question 30

Treatment/ management options for HIV

Answer 30

Antiretroviral therapy | PEP

Question 31

When/ where can routine testing be done for HIV

Answer 31

GUM Ante-natal T0P DDU

Question 32

What % of patients develop symptoms within 2-6 weeks of HIV infection

Answer 32

75

Question 33

What happens to CD4 levels during primary HIV infection

Answer 33

Reduces

Question 34

What stage of HIV is the highest risk of transmission

Answer 34

Primary

Question 35

What are the most common features of primary HIV infection

Answer 35

- Headache - Lymhadenopathy - Oral/ genital ulceration - Nausea - Rash - Fever, fatigue - Weight loss/ night sweats

Question 36

How does HIV cause disease

Answer 36

- HIV infects CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells - Acute HIV infection leads to massive loss of CD4+ - Chronic HIV associated with on going loss of CD4+, decline in immune function and progressive immunosuppresion

Question 37

What are the direct effects of HIV

Answer 37

Wasting, diarrhoea, neurological problems

Question 38

What malignancies can arise from HIV

Answer 38

Kaposis sarcoma Lymphoma Carcinoma cervix

Question 39

What are the risks if CD4 <200

Answer 39

Risk PCP (pneumocytosis pneumonia), gut infections

Question 40

What are the risks if CD4 <100

Answer 40

``` CMV (pizza eye) MAI Cryptosporidiosis Toxoplasmosis (BRAIN) Kaposis sarcoma (brown blotches on skin) ```

Question 41

What are the aims of antiretroviral therapy

Answer 41

- Suppression of HIV replication - CD4 count recovery - Immune reconstitution - Long term reduced risk of morbitity and mortality

Question 42

What is HAART

Answer 42

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

Question 43

When does HAART act

Answer 43

During viral replication cycle to prevent production of new HIV particles

Question 44

Name the 6 classes of HAART

Answer 44

- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Non-NRTI - Protease inhibitors - Fusion inhibitors - Iintegrase inhibitors - Co-receptor antagnoist

Question 45

Which 2 classes of drugs target the place where HIV goes in

Answer 45

Fusion inhibitor | Co-receptor antagonist

Question 46

Where do NRTI and NNRTI act

Answer 46

On reverse transcriptase | Synthesises RNA into DNA

Question 47

Where does integrase inhibitor work

Answer 47

INtegrase enzyme which integrates viral DNA in cell genome

Question 48

Where does protease inhibitor work

Answer 48

On protease inhibitor which cuts up the protein

Question 49

What are the short term problems with HAART

Answer 49

Nausea/ vomiting/ headache | Sleep disturbance

Question 50

What are the long term problems with HAART

Answer 50

Lipodystrophy Renal dysfunction Peripheral neuropathy Lactic acidosis

Question 51

What is IRIS

Answer 51

Paradoxical inflammatory reaction to pathogen

Question 52

What are the indications of PEP and PEPSE

Answer 52

High risk sexual exposure | Needlestick