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HD 2 > STI > Flashcards

STI Flashcards

1
Q

What groups does impact of STI remain highest in

A

Heterosexuals <25

Men who have sex with men (MSM)

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2
Q

What STI is the most common

A

Chlamydia

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3
Q

Which 2 STIs have been diagnosed more in MSM recently

A

Syphilis

Gonorrhoea

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4
Q

Which group has the highest rate of new STI

A

Young adults aged 15-24

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5
Q

What age bracket do women experience higher rates of STI

A

15-24

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6
Q

What age bracket do men experience higher rate of STI

A

25-59

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7
Q

Which ethnic group has the highest rate of STI diagnoses

A

Black/ black british

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8
Q

What kind of pathogen is chlamydia tachomatis

A

Obligate intracellular pathogen

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydia in men when caused by serovars D-K

A

Urethritis
Epipdidymitis
Prostatitis

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10
Q

What are the symptoms/ complications of chlamydia in women when caused by serovars D-K

A

Cervicitis
PID
Fitz-High Curtis

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11
Q

What is Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

Infection of the lymph nodes around the groin caused by serovars L1-3 of the chlamydias trachomatis

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12
Q

What are the long term complication of chlamydia

A

Reactive arthritis

infertility

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13
Q

2 drugs used to treat chlamydia

A

Azithromycin

Doxycycline

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14
Q

What microorganism causes genital warts

A

Human papilloma virus

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15
Q

With carcinomas are associated with genital warts

A

Ano-genital

Oro-pharyngeal carcinoma

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16
Q

How are genital warts managed

A

Topical podophyllotoxon

Imiquimod

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoea in males

A 
Urethritis
Proctitis
Sore throat
Epididymitis
Prostatitis
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18
Q

What is proctitis

A

Inflamamtion of the inner lining of the rectum

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoea in females

A

Cervicitis
PID
peri-hepatitis
septic abortion

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoea in neonates

A

Conjunctivitis

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21
Q

What are the complication of gonorrhoea

A

Septic arthritis
Blindness
Infertility
Septicaemia

22
Q

What drug is used to treat gonorrhoea

A

Ceftriaxone

23
Q

Which form of herpes simple virus causes oral symptoms and which causes genital

A 
Oral= HSV-1
Genital= HSV 2
24
Q

What drugs are used to manage herpes

A

Aciclovir
Famciclovir
Valaciclovir

25
Q

What disease does treponema pallidum cause

A

Syphilis

26
Q

2 treatment options for syphilis

A

Penicilin

Doxycycline

27
Q

What are the features of primary syphilis

A

Single, painless chancre
Lymphandenopathy
Infectious

28
Q

What are the features of secondary syphilis

A

Rash, fever, lymphadenopathy

Condyloma lata

29
Q

Is serology positive in primary or secondary syphilis or both

A

Secondary

30
Q

Treatment/ management options for HIV

A

Antiretroviral therapy

PEP

31
Q

When/ where can routine testing be done for HIV

A

GUM
Ante-natal
T0P
DDU

32
Q

What % of patients develop symptoms within 2-6 weeks of HIV infection

A

75

33
Q

What happens to CD4 levels during primary HIV infection

A

Reduces

34
Q

What stage of HIV is the highest risk of transmission

A

Primary

35
Q

What are the most common features of primary HIV infection

A
  • Headache
  • Lymhadenopathy
  • Oral/ genital ulceration
  • Nausea
  • Rash
  • Fever, fatigue
  • Weight loss/ night sweats
36
Q

How does HIV cause disease

A
  • HIV infects CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells
  • Acute HIV infection leads to massive loss of CD4+
  • Chronic HIV associated with on going loss of CD4+, decline in immune function and progressive immunosuppresion
37
Q

What are the direct effects of HIV

A

Wasting, diarrhoea, neurological problems

38
Q

What malignancies can arise from HIV

A

Kaposis sarcoma
Lymphoma
Carcinoma cervix

39
Q

What are the risks if CD4 <200

A

Risk PCP (pneumocytosis pneumonia), gut infections

40
Q

What are the risks if CD4 <100

A 
CMV (pizza eye)
MAI
Cryptosporidiosis
Toxoplasmosis (BRAIN)
Kaposis sarcoma (brown blotches on skin)
41
Q

What are the aims of antiretroviral therapy

A
  • Suppression of HIV replication
  • CD4 count recovery
  • Immune reconstitution
  • Long term reduced risk of morbitity and mortality
42
Q

What is HAART

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

43
Q

When does HAART act

A

During viral replication cycle to prevent production of new HIV particles

44
Q

Name the 6 classes of HAART

A
  • Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  • Non-NRTI
  • Protease inhibitors
  • Fusion inhibitors
  • Iintegrase inhibitors
  • Co-receptor antagnoist
45
Q

Which 2 classes of drugs target the place where HIV goes in

A

Fusion inhibitor

Co-receptor antagonist

46
Q

Where do NRTI and NNRTI act

A

On reverse transcriptase

Synthesises RNA into DNA

47
Q

Where does integrase inhibitor work

A

INtegrase enzyme which integrates viral DNA in cell genome

48
Q

Where does protease inhibitor work

A

On protease inhibitor which cuts up the protein

49
Q

What are the short term problems with HAART

A

Nausea/ vomiting/ headache

Sleep disturbance

50
Q

What are the long term problems with HAART

A

Lipodystrophy
Renal dysfunction
Peripheral neuropathy
Lactic acidosis

51
Q

What is IRIS

A

Paradoxical inflammatory reaction to pathogen

52
Q

What are the indications of PEP and PEPSE

A

High risk sexual exposure

Needlestick

HD 2 (26 decks)

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