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HD 2 > Complications of labour > Flashcards

Complications of labour Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 key factors on which labour depends upon

A

The passenger
The passages
The powers

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2
Q

Name the 2 phases of the first stage of labour

A

Latent phase

Active phase

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3
Q

What is the cervical dilation in the latent phase of stage 1

A

0-3CM

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4
Q

What is the cervical dilation in the active phase of stage 1

A

3-10cm

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5
Q

What is the expected rate of dilation in primigravida

A

1-3cm per hour

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6
Q

What is the expected rate of dilation in multigravida

A

3-6cm per hour

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7
Q

How long does the second stage of labour last in

a) primigravida
b) multigravida

A

a) 40 minutes

b) 20 minutes

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8
Q

Name the two phases of the second stage of labour

A

Propulsive phase

Expulsive phase

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9
Q

What is the propulsive phase

A

From full dilation to presenting part reaching pelvic floor

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10
Q

What is the expulsive phase

A

From reaching pelvic floor to delivery of baby

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11
Q

What is the third stage of labour and how long does it last

A

Delivery of baby to expulsion of placenta

20-30 minutes

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12
Q

What is macrosomia

A

A baby born significantly larger than average

>4000g birth weight

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13
Q

What factors are associated with macrosomia (4)

A
  • Maternal diabetes
  • Maternal obesity
  • Previous large babies
  • Prolonged pregnancy
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14
Q

How often do the following occur

a) twins
b) triplets
c) quads

A

a) 1 in 80
b) 1 in 6400
c) 1 in 512000

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15
Q

What is the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins

A

MONO: develop from one zygote that splits into 2 embryos (identical)
DI: fraternal- develop from 2 different eggs

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16
Q

When is dizygotic twinning more common

A

Fertility treatment

Older ages

17
Q

In which amniotic/ chorionic states are twins more dangerous

A

Monochorionic diamniotic

Monochorionic monoamniotic

18
Q

Name some common complication of multiple pregnanies (6)

A 
Pre-eclampsia
Congenital abnormalities
Intrauterine growth restriction
Polyhydramnios
Malpresentation
Miscarriage/ preterm labour
19
Q

Define polyhydramnios

A

State of having too much fluid in amniotic sac

20
Q

Name 4 problems that can happen with the ‘passage’

A

Contracted pelvis
Placenta Praevia
Soft tissue tumours
Pendulous abdomen

21
Q

What is the curve of carus

A

Arc corresponding to pelvic axis

22
Q

Name 4 problems that can happen with the ‘powers’

A

Uterine inertia
Inco-ordinate contractions
Hypertonic contractions
Uterine rupture

23
Q

Define uterine inertia

A

Absence of effective uterine contractions during labour

24
Q

Define hypertonic contractions

A

Series of single contractions lasting 2 minutes or more, or a contraction frequency of five or more a minute

25
Q

What are 4 signs of a poor fit

A

Failure of progressive cervical dilation
Failure of descent of the presenting part
Moulding
Caput

26
Q

What is meant by caput

A

Caput is the diffuse swelling of the scalp caused by pressure of the scalp against dilating cervix during labour

27
Q

What is cephalopelvic disproportion

A

Baby’s head too large to fit through pelvis of the mother

28
Q

What is fetopelvic disproportion

A

Baby unable to pass through the pelvis

29
Q

How is uterine inertia treated

A

Give syntocinon

30
Q

What are the options for managing malpresentation/ malposition

A

External cephalic version: manual procedure to reposition baby using hands on mothers abdomen
Rotational forceps
C section

31
Q

What should be done in cases of contracted pelvis/ rigid cervix

A

C section

32
Q

How does meconium appear if there is foetal distress

A

Stained liquor

33
Q

Name 3 foetal heart abnormalities are signs of foetal distress in labour

A 
Baseline rate (brady/ tachycardia(
Reduced baseline variabilty
Decelerations
34
Q

Name 4 issues that can arise in the third stage of labour

A

Retained placenta
Uterine atony
Soft tissue lacerations
Uterine inversions

HD 2 (26 decks)

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