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HD 2 > Female anatomy > Flashcards

Female anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 ligaments that hold the uterus in place

A

Suspensory ligament
Broad ligament
Round ligament

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2
Q

In a cadaver, where are the ovaries in relation to the uterus

A

Tucked behind- often can’t be seen in a anterior view

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3
Q

Which ligament is a continuation of the peritoneum

A

Broad ligament

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4
Q

What are fibroids

A

Muscular growths of the myometrium

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5
Q

What part of the uterus is shed as part of the menstrual cycle

A

Endometrium

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6
Q

Where does a high vagina swab take a swab from

A

Anterior and posterior fornix

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7
Q

What is the ‘normal’ positioning of the uterus

A

Anteverted, anterflexed

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8
Q

Name the 2 pouches found on either side of the uterus. What can accumulate here

A

Vesicouterine pouch

Pouch of Douglas

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9
Q

How can the uterus positioning be different?

A
  • Retroverted and retroflexed

- Just retroverted

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10
Q

Which part of the female anatomy ‘catches’ released eggs

A

Fimbrae of fallopian tubes

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11
Q

How big are the ovaries

A

Size of almonds``

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12
Q

What is meant by ectopic pregnancy

A

Fertilised egg implants outside of the intra-uterine cavity (usually fallopian tubes)

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13
Q

How/ why can an ectopic pregnancy be life threatening

A

Growing foetus stretches and can rupture tube walls leading to bleeding

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14
Q

Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy

A
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Light PV bleeding
  • Dizziness
  • Pain in shoulder, neck, rectum
  • Vomiting
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15
Q

Name the 3 groups of ligaments supporting the uterus

A

Transverse cervical ligaments
Pubocervical ligaments
Sacrocervical ligaments

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16
Q

What are the transverse cervical ligaments and what do they do

A

Fibromuscular from lateral pelvic wall to cervix and upper vagina

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17
Q

What are the pubocervical ligaments and what do they support

A

2 firm bands connective tissue from pubis to cervix (either side of the bladder)

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18
Q

Where do sacrocervical ligaments go to/ from

A

Cervix to sacrum

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19
Q

What do the anterior and posterior divisions of the internal iliac supply

A 
Anterior= supply most of pelvic viscera
Posterior= superior gluteal region and sacral area
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20
Q

Where does the obturator artery leave pelvis through

A

Obturator foramen

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21
Q

Which artery obliterates in the pelvis

A

Medial uterine artery

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22
Q

Which vessels supply the bladder

A

Superior vesicular vessels

23
Q

Which two arteries go together in a circuit

A

Uterine and ovarian

24
Q

Which artery is regarded as the end of the internal iliac

A

Inferior gluteal

25
Q

Where does the inferior gluteal exit and enter the pelvis

A

Exit= greater sciatic foramen

Enter again= lesser sciatic foramen

26
Q

Which artery travels in the suspensory ligament

A

Ovarian artery

27
Q

What artery supplies lower 2/3 of the vagina

A

Vaginal

28
Q

How does the ureter travel

A

Under the ovarian and uterine artery (water under the bridge)

29
Q

Which arteries of the uterus cause thickening of the uterus

A

Spiral arteries

30
Q

Purpose of the pelvic floor

A

Divide main pelvic cavity (above) and perineum (below)

31
Q

Why is the pelvic floor incomplete anteriorly

A

To allow passage of vagina and urethra

32
Q

Name the 4 muscles which make up the levator ani

A
  • Sphincter vaginae
  • Puborectalis
  • Pubococcygeus
  • Iliococcygeus
33
Q

Apart from levator ani, which muscles also make up pelvic floor

A

Coccygeus

34
Q

Which other muscles are in the pelvis but not part of pelvic floor

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus

35
Q

What can cause a prolapse of the uterus

A

Lack of levator ani tone
Damage during childbirth or general poor body muscular tone
Menopause

36
Q

What always accompanies uterus prolapse

A

Vaginal prolapse

37
Q

Define first and second degree prolapse

A

First degree- uterus not externally visible. Second degree- uterus externally visible

38
Q

What can be used to treat uterine prolapse and how

A

Ring pessary

Used to support cervix (ring of plastic)

39
Q

Which muscles are most commonly torn during childbirth?

Why is this important

A

Pubococcygeus and puborectalis
(most medial part)
Important because they encircle the urethra and border the rectum–> incontinence

40
Q

What erectile tissues are found in the superficial pouch in women

A

bulb of vestible

crura of clitoris

41
Q

What 3 muscles are found in female superficial pouch

A

Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus
Superficial transverse perineal muscle

42
Q

Function of bartholin’s gland

A

Secrete mucous to lubricate the vagina

43
Q

Function of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus

A

B- reduces size of vaginal orifice and compresses dorsal vein of clitoris
I- assists clitoral erection

44
Q

What are the nerve roots of pudendal nerve

A

S2,3,4

45
Q

Where does the pudendal canal exit the pelvis and enter the perineum

A

Exits through greater sciatic foramen

Enters through lesser sciatic foramen

46
Q

What does the pudendal nerve split into

A

Inferior rectal nerve
Dorsal nerve of clitoris
Perineal nerve

47
Q

What does internal pudendal artery split into

A

Inferior rectal

Branches to labia and clitoris

48
Q

What nerve block can be used for episiotomy

A

Pudendal nerve block

49
Q

What is spinal anaesthesia used for

A

Subarachnoid space: L4-5

Complete anaethesia below waist

50
Q

What is caudal epidural block

A

Anaesthetic adminstered to catheter in sacral canal

51
Q

Where do lymphs drain for ovaries

A

Paraaortic

52
Q

Where are skin and vulva lymph drained

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

53
Q

When might a horizontal lymph node clearance be used

A

Vulva cancer
Scrotal cancer
Penis
Ovaries testes

54
Q

What moves through Alcocks canal

A

Pudendal nerve

HD 2 (26 decks)

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