Sterilization Disinfection infection control

Question 1

Formaldehyde

Answer 1

Too irritant for use as a general disinfectant.

Question 2

Pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections

Answer 2

Staph aureus, P. aeruginosaa

Question 3

Gamma Irradiation Energy

Answer 3

Sterilize large batches of small-volume items for vaccines, gloves, Ivs, needles, and syringes.

Question 4

Halogens: Iodine and Iodophors

Answer 4

Useful skin disinfectants, sporicidal

Question 5

Major routes of transmission of hospital-associated infection

Answer 5

fecal-oral, air, fomites

Question 6

Sterilization

Answer 6

process of killing/removing all viable organisms

Question 7

Pathogens causing bacteraemia

Answer 7

Staphylococci, Enterococci, Candida, k. pneumoniae

Question 8

Pathogens causing UTI

Answer 8

E. coli, Candida, Enterococci, gram-negative (P.aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae)

Question 9

Disinfection

Answer 9

removing/killing most viable organisms by using chemical disinfectant or boilin gwater

Question 10

Halogens: Hypochlorites

Answer 10

Cheap, effective, active against viruses. For disinfecting equipment soiled in blood

Question 11

Filtration

Answer 11

Use to recover very small number of organisms from very large volumes of fluids

Question 12

Glutaraldehyde

Answer 12

Kills vegetative organisms, less toxic than formaldehyde, sporicidal

Question 13

Antiseptics

Answer 13

reduce number of viable organisms on surface skin. Once washed out, bacteria can recolonize on skin within a few hours.

Question 14

Prophylactic antibiotics

Answer 14

use in patients before dirty surgery like colonoscopy

Question 15

Pasteruization

Answer 15

Used to reduce the number of bacteria in fluids and improve shelf life

Question 16

Hydrogen Perioxide

Answer 16

Used to sterilize heat or temperature sensitive articles like endoscopes

Question 17

Ultraviolet ionizing

Answer 17

inhibits growth of water in complex appartus and in air in virology labs

Question 18

Pathogens causing surgical wound infections

Answer 18

Staphylocci, enterocooci, E. coli, P. aeruginosa.

Question 19

Dry heat

Answer 19

sterilize via oxidation, for lab materials

Question 20

Alcohols

Answer 20

Ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol. skin disinfectant and clean surfaces, used in combo sometimes with iodine/chlorhexidine,

Question 21

Aseptic

Answer 21

Exclusion of bacteria and other microorganisms typically during surgery.

Question 22

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Answer 22

detergent, against gram negative, useful skin disinfectant,

Question 23

Phenolics

Answer 23

general-purpose disinfectants, active against wide range of organisms

Question 24

Autoclave

Answer 24

Sterilize surgical instruments and dressing via saturated steam