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cell injury Flashcards

1
Q

Acute pancreatitis

A

Fat necrosis - enzymatic digestion from lipases “leaked” into adipose tissues

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2
Q
A

Liquefactive Necrosis of the brain

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3
Q

Psammoma body

A

Dystrophic Calcification

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4
Q

Occurance of wet gangrene

A

Secondary to bacterial infections at site of ischemic damage

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5
Q

Adaptation: Barrett’s esophagus

A

Metaplasia - squamous –> columnuar on small intestintal globet cell metaplasia

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6
Q

Too much vitamin D

A

Metastatic Calcification

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7
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: Desctruction of adipocytes

A

Fat Necrosis

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8
Q

Adaptation: Liver undergoing compensatory growth

A

Hyperplasia

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9
Q
A

Dry Gangrene - coagulative necrosis

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10
Q
A

Wet Gangrene - Liquefactive necrosis

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11
Q

Adaptation: Scarring and Fibrosis

A

Hyperplasia

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12
Q

Adaptation: increase in endometrial thickness under estrogenic stimulation

A

Hyperplasia

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13
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: Inflammation levels and number of cells

A

Necrosis has increase inflammation and larger number of cells/area of tissue.

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14
Q
A

Dystrophic calcification

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15
Q

Fat necrosis large scale destruction

A

Saponification with deposition of calcium salts

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16
Q
A

Caseuous necrosis

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17
Q

Intrinsic Pathway

A

from intracellular injury (radiation, toxins, Ros, ), more p53, more Bcl family members (bak, bax)

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18
Q
A

Psomamma body - dystrophic calcification.

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19
Q

Adaptation: thickening of the heart, decrease in the volume

A

Hypertrophy (Cardiac)

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20
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: Tissue architecture is lost, cell outlines not present

A

Liquefactive necrosis

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21
Q

Adaptation: Smoking

A

Metaplasia - columnar –> squamous

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22
Q

Extrinsic Pathway

A

Death receptors - FAS w/ FASL, TNFR1

or Cytotoxic T-cell Mediated Death with Granzyme B

23
Q

Adaptation: Poor nutrition - generalized cachexia

24
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: CNS Necrosis

A

Liquefactive Necrosis

25
Q
A

Endogenous - hemosiderin - hemoglobin break down product, iron stored in cells

26
Q

Adaptation: reduced endocrine stimulation in postmenopausal state

27
Q

Dystrophic Calcification

A

Normal systemic calcium levels, associated with dying/degernerating cells - atherosclerosis and valvulatr heart disease, Fat necrosis

28
Q
A

Lipid accumulations steatosis - fatty change in liver. Fatty acid accumulation within cells with normally active FA metabolism

29
Q

Karyolysis

A

nuclear dissolution - coagulative necrosis

30
Q
A

Exogenous - Lipofuscian - wear and tear pigment - phopholipids/proteins-lack of enzyme

31
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: Tuberculosis in lung

A

Caseous Necrosis

32
Q
A

Foamy macrophages, atherosclersosis from cholesterol, lipid accumulation

33
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis:cell death with dead inflammatory cells resulting in pus

A

Liquefactive necrosis

34
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: Complete enzymatic digestion of dead cells

A

Liquefactive necrosis

35
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: Microscopic visual shows does not tissue architecture, surrounded by granulomatous inflammation

A

Caseous (Gross) Necrosis

36
Q
A

liquefactive necrosis

37
Q

Metastatic Calcification

A

Hypercalcemia, destruction of bone, Increase PTH for bone resorption, in gastric mucosa, kidneys, lungs, blood vessels

38
Q
A

Xanthoma lipid accumulation w/ hypercholesterolemia

39
Q

Adaptation: Decreased workload due to disuse in the skeletal muscle, bone

40
Q

Adaptation: increasing cell number for mammary glands during lactation to provide milk

A

Hyperplasia

41
Q
A

Liquefactive necrosis

42
Q

Adaptation: Loss of nerve supply due to dernevation in the skeletal muscle

43
Q

Adaptation: Ischemia in brain

44
Q
A

Fat necrosis

45
Q

Pyknosis

A

Coagulative necrosis - nuclear shrinkage and darkening

46
Q
A

Exogenous - carbon dust - anthrocosis - lung found in macrophages in lymphatic channels

47
Q

Apoptosis Physiologic

A

Involution of structure during development, eliminate immune cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils), Involution following hormoen withdrawal, CTL mediation.

48
Q
A

Coagulative necrosis

49
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: Denaturation of cytosolic proteins

A

Necrosis (coagulative)

50
Q

Adaptation: Gravid Uterus

A

Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy – the uterus during pregnancy

51
Q

Apoptosis Pathologic

A

Radiation, drugs, DNA damage

Viral infections - autoimmune

Neoplastic

52
Q

ex. of dry gangrene

A

Extereme diabetes, intestines

53
Q

Karyyorrhexsis

A

fragmentation of pyknotic nucleus

BFOM (15 decks)

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