Antibiotics

Question 1

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, streptomycin)

Answer 1

Bind 30s irreversibly, have low oral availability, Bacteriocidal, for severe gram -ve infections, have low therapeutic index and cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, Can be mutated by CAT-like enzymes.

Question 2

Ampicillin

Answer 2

Strength is more potent against gram negative. Broad spectrum

Question 3

Oxalidinones (linezolid)

Answer 3

Last result to bind to 23 to prevent 70s translation. For Gram positive bacteria.

Question 4

Lincosamides (Clindamycin)

Answer 4

Target 50s and penetrate into bones to treat osteomyelitis. bu tcause colitis killing good bacteria allowing C. Diff infection

Question 5

Amoxicillin

Answer 5

more resistant against gastric acid, more effective inoral meds.

Question 6

Chloramphenicol

Answer 6

inhibit peptidyl transferase in the 50s subunits, broad spectrum, inhibit bone marrow and grey baby syndrome. easily absorbed and distributed to treat meningitis. Resisted by CAT

Question 7

Oxacillin

Answer 7

Similar to methicillin, Resist beta=lactamase.

Question 8

Tetracyclines (Doxycyclyine)

Answer 8

for intracell bacteria - Chlamydia and Rickettsia, Broad spectrum to bind to 30s proteins, can’t use on children under 8 or pregnancy due to bone/teeth development. Resisted via pumps

Question 9

B-Lactams

Answer 9

Bind to PBPs such that pBps cross-link in peptidoglycan synthesis. Resisted by beta-lactamases especially carbapenmase. And Staph Aureus as well as MrSA via SCC Mec.

Question 10

Quinolones

Answer 10

iNhibit type II DnA topoisomerase during DNA replication. Bacteriocidal, Fluoroquinolones - broad spectrum for anaerobes, pseudomonas, and EC bacteria. Resistance rvia mutations of topoisomerase

Question 11

Daptomycin

Answer 11

targets cell membrane, IV only bc of huge lipid chain, good against MRSA.

Question 12

Augmentin

Answer 12

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

Question 13

Rifamycin (Refampicin)

Answer 13

inhibits bacterial transcriptase and treats prosthetic organ infection, tb and Leprosy. resisted via mutation of Dna dependent rna polymerase

Question 14

Nitroimidazole (metronidazole Flaglyl)

Answer 14

binds to DNA to inhibit nucleic acid synthis, prodrug, treats C. Diff. Treats anaerobic, Flagellates, and amoebas.

Question 15

Sulfanimides

Answer 15

works with TmP to inhibit synthesis and activates folic acid (TMP inhibits dihyrofoalte reductase) bacteriostatic - need to be hydrated, concentrate in urine, good for urine. Resisted by dihydroteroate synthetase. Strain must be resistant to both TMP and sulfanide to work.

Question 16

Streptogramins

Answer 16

Target 50s ribosomal proteins, bacteriodical with gram positive for VRE and VRSA. May have MLS resistance thanks to erythormycin.

Question 17

Macrolindes (Erythomycin)

Answer 17

Bind to 23S on 50s block translocation of ribosome and mainly for gram positive bacteria for patients alellergic to pencillin, efflux/methylation resistance

Question 18

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin/teichoplanin)

Answer 18

Bind to peptide ends (D-alanyl-Dalanine) on peptidoglycan for Beta-lactamase reistant gram positive bacteria to treat Colitis. Resistant by those with D-alanyl-D-lactate ends.