Antifungal and antiparasitic agents Flashcards
Ketaconzole
Imidazole - azole
Griseofulvin
Binds tubulin stopping cell mitosis and binds to newly formed keratin. Being replaced by terbinafine & Azoles. Oral drug for cutaneous mycosis (tinea & onychomycosis) to inhibit growth of dermatophytes
Posaconazole
Triazole - azole
Triazole, Imidazole
Azoles. Triazole more selective than imidazoles
Mebendazole
Benzimidazole
Topical Antifungal agents
Undeclyenic acid, Whitfield’s ointment, Tolnaftate, Haloprogin, Ciclopirox, Allylamines
Polyoxins and Nikkomycins
Inhibit chitin synthesis from N-acetylglucosamien for cell walls.
Fluconazole
Triazole - azole
Clotrimazole
imidazole - Azole
Albendazole
Benzimidazole
Antifolate
Inhibit folate acid synthesis by inhibiting DHFR, easily resisted
voriconazole
Triazole - azole
Pyrmethamine
Antifolate Selectivity inhibits plasmodium DHFR against malaria
Polyenes
bind to ergosterol creating pores in cytoplasmic fungal membrane causing leakage against serious mycosis, nephrotoxicity, rare resistance
Azoles
Inhibit erogsterol synthesis by inhibiting lanosterol demethylase, it’s easier to resist drugs that target enzymes
MTX (methotexate)
Antifolate Selectively inhibits human DHFR against cancer cells
Nystatin
Polyene, Use topically for candidae,
TMP
Antifolate. Selectively inhibits bacteria DHFR
Metronidazole (Flagyl, Nitroimidazole)
Reduced and interacts with DNA, active against anaerobic bacteria, flagellates, amoeba, and C. Diff.
Amphocerin B
Polyene, first choice to treat systemic mycosis, given IV
Caspfungin, micafungin, Anidulafungin
Echinocandins
Benzimidazoles
Bind tubulin to stop mitosis and inhibit glucose uptake. Has broad spectrum antihelminthic activity
Echinocandins
Inhibit B-glucan synthesis from glucose for use in cell walls.
Flourocysteine
Interferes with DNA/RNA synthesis with 5FC . 5FC is easier to get into cell/more selective, Good against yeast/Systemic mycosis (candida & cryptococcus) must combine though because of rapid resistance with amphotericin B.
