Antifungal and antiparasitic agents

Question 1

Ketaconzole

Answer 1

Imidazole - azole

Question 2

Griseofulvin

Answer 2

Binds tubulin stopping cell mitosis and binds to newly formed keratin. Being replaced by terbinafine & Azoles. Oral drug for cutaneous mycosis (tinea & onychomycosis) to inhibit growth of dermatophytes

Question 3

Posaconazole

Answer 3

Triazole - azole

Question 4

Triazole, Imidazole

Answer 4

Azoles. Triazole more selective than imidazoles

Question 5

Mebendazole

Answer 5

Benzimidazole

Question 6

Topical Antifungal agents

Answer 6

Undeclyenic acid, Whitfield’s ointment, Tolnaftate, Haloprogin, Ciclopirox, Allylamines

Question 7

Polyoxins and Nikkomycins

Answer 7

Inhibit chitin synthesis from N-acetylglucosamien for cell walls.

Question 8

Fluconazole

Answer 8

Triazole - azole

Question 9

Clotrimazole

Answer 9

imidazole - Azole

Question 10

Albendazole

Answer 10

Benzimidazole

Question 11

Antifolate

Answer 11

Inhibit folate acid synthesis by inhibiting DHFR, easily resisted

Question 12

voriconazole

Answer 12

Triazole - azole

Question 13

Pyrmethamine

Answer 13

Antifolate Selectivity inhibits plasmodium DHFR against malaria

Question 14

Polyenes

Answer 14

bind to ergosterol creating pores in cytoplasmic fungal membrane causing leakage against serious mycosis, nephrotoxicity, rare resistance

Question 15

Azoles

Answer 15

Inhibit erogsterol synthesis by inhibiting lanosterol demethylase, it’s easier to resist drugs that target enzymes

Question 16

MTX (methotexate)

Answer 16

Antifolate Selectively inhibits human DHFR against cancer cells

Question 17

Nystatin

Answer 17

Polyene, Use topically for candidae,

Question 18

TMP

Answer 18

Antifolate. Selectively inhibits bacteria DHFR

Question 19

Metronidazole (Flagyl, Nitroimidazole)

Answer 19

Reduced and interacts with DNA, active against anaerobic bacteria, flagellates, amoeba, and C. Diff.

Question 20

Amphocerin B

Answer 20

Polyene, first choice to treat systemic mycosis, given IV

Question 21

Caspfungin, micafungin, Anidulafungin

Answer 21

Echinocandins

Question 22

Benzimidazoles

Answer 22

Bind tubulin to stop mitosis and inhibit glucose uptake. Has broad spectrum antihelminthic activity

Question 23

Echinocandins

Answer 23

Inhibit B-glucan synthesis from glucose for use in cell walls.

Question 24

Flourocysteine

Answer 24

Interferes with DNA/RNA synthesis with 5FC . 5FC is easier to get into cell/more selective, Good against yeast/Systemic mycosis (candida & cryptococcus) must combine though because of rapid resistance with amphotericin B.