acid base physiology

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

capable of donating H+

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

capable of accepting H+

Question 3

Buffers

Answer 3

minimize pH change by reversibly binding H+

Question 4

buffering power

Answer 4

amount of strong acid needed to decrease/increase ph by 1 unit

Question 5

Drug/ion trapping

Answer 5

How to target drug to a given physiological location

Question 6

Hypoventilation

Answer 6

Acidosis too much CO2 in body

Question 7

Hyperventilation

Answer 7

Alkalosis not enough CO2 in blood stream.

Question 8

Excessive diahrreha

Answer 8

Acidosis, excrete too much base. more carbon dioxide for metabolism

Question 9

Excessive vomiting

Answer 9

Alkalosis, body loses too much acid from stomach. Less CO2 for metabolism

Question 10

4 buffer systems by significance

Answer 10

1. Bicarbonate/CO2 – Systemic/open 2. Hemoglobin - Systemic 3. Proteins - intracellular 4. Phosphate - intracellular

Question 11

What dictates protein function

Answer 11

its structure by AA content and chemistry between AA residues such that proteins and enzymes are sensitive to pH

Question 12

Bicarbonate/Co2 System

Answer 12

most physiologically significant buffer system

Question 13

Bicarbonate/Co2 System Equation

Answer 13

CO₂ + H₂O <–> H₂CO₃ <–> HCO₃^- + H⁺

Question 14

Hemoblogin

Answer 14

Systemic protein complex that transportes gases in the blood.

Question 15

How does Hemoglobin transport O₂ cooperative interactive?

Answer 15

CO₂, CO, NO, H+

Question 16

Hemoglobin equation

Answer 16

Hb(O₂)_nH + O₂ <–> Hb(O₂)_n+1 + H⁺

Question 17

Bohr effect

Answer 17

Decreases in blood pH, meaning increased H+ concentration, are likely the direct cause of lower hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. More oxygen is released in those tissues that have higher absolute and/or relative CO2 values

Question 18

Phosphate buffer regulation

Answer 18

High intracelular concentartion – Main buffer of urine

from Bone resorption (breakdown)

Question 19

phosphate buffer regulation equation

Answer 19

H₂PO₄^- <–> HPO₄^2- + H⁺

Question 20

4 organ systems invovled in acid/base homeostasis

Answer 20

Lungs, Blood/Circulatory, Bone, Kidney

Question 21

Kidney in acid/base homeostasis

Answer 21

Control urinary excretion of HCO₃^-, H⁺, and NH₄⁺

via changes in transproter expression and metabolism of glutamine.

Question 22

Kidney urinary excretion controls

Answer 22

1. Reabsorbs HCO₃^{- to blood}
2. Secretion of H^{+ to urine}
3. Secretion of NH₄⁺ from Glutamine to urine

Question 23

Renal compensation vs Pulmonary compensation

Answer 23

3-5 days vs 12-24 hours in an open system