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Pediatrics Oral Micro > Sterilization and Disinfection > Flashcards

Sterilization and Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

what are the routes for transmission during dental procedures

A

direct contact w saliva or blood or infectious lesions
fomites= indirect transmission via contaminated objects
spatter of body fluids
aerosolization of body fluids

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2
Q

Ebola description

A

ebola= highly infectious, moderately contagious, 50% fatality rate transmitted by direct contact of infected body fluids, incubation of 2-21 days enveloped virus killed by alcohol hand sanitizers can survive via fomites for several hours

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3
Q

HIV description

A

HIV= low risk of transmission from pt to worker vice versa, low occupational risk. no documented cases of infection in dental workers. standard infection control is effective immediate post exposure antiviral therapy highly effective

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4
Q

Hepatitis B

A

300 k infected every year, 80% infections undiagnosed, 1 million carries, high occupational risk, vaccine available!

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5
Q

TB

A

low risk of transmission, epidemic resurgence, coughing produces infective aerosols, not transmitted by fomites

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6
Q

Herpes

A

1 and 2 frequent in oral cavity can be transmitted to healthcare workers. ocular herpes= blindness. viral whitlow on finger. may be transmitted from workers to pt

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7
Q

what are other transmittable diseases we are concerned about

A

seasonal flue, dental pathogens, HPV

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8
Q

prevention of disease transmission

A

sterilization of instruments, disposable supplies, unit dosing, disinfection of surfaces. barriers, hand antisepsis, immunizations

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9
Q

Immunizations recommended for HCP by CDC

A

Hepatitis B, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella zoster

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10
Q

what are critical items

A

critical items come into contact with tissue or the vascular system - burs, needles, blades

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11
Q

what are semi critical items

A

semi critical items- items come into contact with mucous membranes or non intact skin (curing light)

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12
Q

what are non critical items

A

items that touch intact skin (BP cuff)

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13
Q

what is sterilization

A

sterilization is the destruction or removal of all forms on life including spores. can be heat or chemical only used on inanimate objects

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14
Q

what is sterilization used on

A

you sterilize critical and semi critical objects

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15
Q

what are disinfectants

A

disinfectants inhibit or destroy pathogens but NOT spores used only on inanimate objects

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16
Q

what are disinfectants used on

A

non critical surfaces

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17
Q

what are antiseptics

A

antiseptics are used to destroy pathos microorganisms on living tissues and are safe for human use

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18
Q

what are antiseptic used on

A

living tissue

19
Q

can antiseptics and disinfectants be used interchangeably

A

NO!!

20
Q

what is high level disinfection

A

destroys all microbes but NOT spores

21
Q

what is intermediate level disinfection

A

inactivates TB, vegetative bacteria, viruses, fungi BUT NOT spores

22
Q

what is low level disinfection

A

kills most bacteria, some viruses, some fungi but not resistant microbes such as TB and spores

23
Q

describe critical items

A

enter sterile tissue or the vascular system and must be sterilized

24
Q

describe semi critical items

A

contact mucous membranes or non intact skin. sterilize if possible, HIGH OR INTERMEDIATE LEVEL disinfection

25
Q

describe non critical items

A

come in contact with INTACT skin but NO mucous membranes use LOW level disinfectant

26
Q

describe heat sterilization

A

saturated steam under pressure, dry heart. heat is most efficient and reliable bc it denature proteins killing microbes; however items must be cleaned before to limit bioburden

27
Q

Describe steam sterilization autoclave conditions

A

autoclave= oldest. 121 C (250 F). 15 psi . 15-20 mins with packaging material that allows for penetration of steam
NO Metal or glass containers

28
Q

Advantages of autoclave

disadvantages of autoclave

A

advantages: short, good penetration
disadvantages: corrosion of steel and dulls edges, deposits from hard water, may be wet at end, destroys heat sensitive materials

29
Q

describe flash steam sterilization

A

statim brand hotter than autoclave but faster

30
Q

how does dry heat sterilization differ from steam sterilization

A

requires higher temps for linger times

31
Q

advantages of dry heat sterilization

disadvantages

A

advantages: does not corrode or dull edges
disadvantages: long, may discolor, destroys heat sensitive materials, rubber. and impression trays. unsuitable for handpicks
CAN NOT BE DONE IN A COOKING OVEN!! has to be a FDA approved unit

32
Q

describe rapid heat sterilization

A

very very hot, fast!, does not corrode or dull but can’t use for handpieces!

33
Q

unsaturated chemical vapor sterilization

A 
depends on heat, water, and chemicals. items have to loosely packed and dry
131 C (270F) . 20-40 mins.
34
Q

advantages of chemical vapor

disadvantages of chemical vapor

A 
\+ = short cycle time, does not corrode or dull
- = chemical concerns, must be dry before use, chemical needed, heat sensitive material destroyed
35
Q

what is required by the CDC and ohio state law

A

monitoring of sterilization units

36
Q

what doe chemical treated tapes and heat sensitive tapes indicate

A

that package has been heated NOT that sterilization temps were reached - thus they DO NOT ensure adequacy of sterilization cycle

37
Q

what provides the best guarantee of sterilization

A

biological monitoring

38
Q

how is biological monitoring done

A
  1. glass vial w suspended pores plus pH indicator- if spore germinate indicator changes color
  2. spore impregnated strips in glassine envelopes that are sent to service for checking - most widely used!
39
Q

when does one use chemical sterilization instead of heat?

A

when heat is inappropriate

40
Q

Ethylene oxide

A 
carcinogenic- alkylating agents. gas mixed w freon, EXPLOSIVE will burn tissue
25 C (75 F) 10-16 hours packaged in paper or plastic
41
Q

glutaraldehydes

A

used the most. effective against vegetative bacteria, TB

42
Q

glutaraldehyde conditions

A

10 hours at room temp immersed in solution

43
Q

+ of glutaraldehyde

- of glutaraldehyde

A

+ most potent chemical germicide, active in organic debris

- long, rinsing needed, allergenic, tissue irritation, biologically non verifiable cannot package items, corrosive

Pediatrics Oral Micro (9 decks)

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