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Pediatrics Oral Micro > Micro of Dental Caires > Flashcards

Micro of Dental Caires Flashcards

1
Q

where do caries occur most

A

pits and fissures- most often in patients with low caries rate

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2
Q

where are smooth surface and proximal caries often found

A

patients with high caries rate and often diet related

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3
Q

root caries

A

found in pts with exposed root surfaces

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4
Q

secondary caries

A

found at restorative margins

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5
Q

explain the balance of demineralization and remineralization in health

A

lactic acid produced by bacteria dissolves enamel and salivary minerals are deposited in enamel causing no net change

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6
Q

when does tooth structure loss occur

A

when body’s remineralization cant keep pace with acid production

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7
Q

when do bacteria produce lactic acid

A

from glycolysis of sugars

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8
Q

what does lactic acid do

A

drops pH and dissolves tooth minerals

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9
Q

what happens to tooth surface at initial demineralization

A

tooth surface is stabilized by salivary pellicle proteins but demineralization occurs subsurface leaving a thin enamel shell

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10
Q

when does cavitation occur

A

when subsurface demin becomes too severe and thin enamel shell is broken

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11
Q

once cavitation occurs what is no longer possible

A

biologic repair is no longer possible once enamel shell is broken

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12
Q

what is stronger and why? remineralized tooth structure or virgin enamel

A

remineralized tooth structure is stronger bc it has F incorporated in HA

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13
Q

name 5 properties of caries causing bacteria

A 
attach and form biofilm
produce acid (acidogenic)
tolerate acid (aciduric)
continue to produce acid at low pH
survive famine between meals by using fermentable sugars and storing polysaccharides
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14
Q

is biofilm organization important to cause caries?

A

YES biofilm holds a diverse set of species that work together to produce conditions that are caries causing

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15
Q

what are the 3 species that initiate caries

A

S mutans (as well as other streps).
Veillonella
and AA

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16
Q

what species are responsible for caries progression

A

S mutans, L casei, rhamnosus, gassera, fermentum

bifido and scardovia

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17
Q

what are the most common supra gingival organisms

A

strep! difficult to distinguish between the different streps

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18
Q

describe the 3 important points of S mutans

A

primary caries pathogen
gram + cocci facultative
ferments carbs

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19
Q

describe biofilm behavior of S mutans

A

attaches to S sanguinis

make ECM polysaccharide

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20
Q

what is S mutants protected by

A

self protect by excretion of lactate well adapted for feast or famine

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21
Q

what make S mutans a good scavenger during famine

A

good storage mechs, can maintain energy and low pH

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22
Q

what does fluoride do to S mutants

A

F interferes with transport and intracellular processes of S mutans

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23
Q

how are S mutans good for the host

A

S mutants protect against B hemolytic or other pathogenic streps and produces lactate and bacteriocins

24
Q

What is S sobrinus called and who is it related to

A

S sobrinus termed MS, related to S mutans

25
Q

Is S sobrinus associated with caries?

A

S sobrinus is strongly associated with caries but found at lower numbers than S mutans

26
Q

What is the earliest acquired bacteria that is not cariogenic and what is it bound by

A

S mitis= earliest acquired oral bacteria bound by salivary amylase and NOT cariogenic

27
Q

Where is S sanguinis found and describe it

A

S sanguine found in healthy plaque its gram + cocci facultative

28
Q

Describe S Sanguinis action with biofilm

A

S sanguinis is a good initial colonizer of pellicle coated tooth surfaces attaching via adhesins

29
Q

describe the metabolic and acid ways of S sanguinis

A

S sanguinis ferments carbs and proteins producing lactic acid at high pH can survive without sugar using the arginine hydrolase pathway raising pH

30
Q

what is often a cause of infective endocarditis (IE)?

A

S sanguinis

31
Q

Describe the bio of S salivarius

A

S salivarius has tongue and tooth niches associated with carries, in saliva but DOES NOT grow there

32
Q

Describe bio of AA

A

saccharolytic, acidogenic, filamentous, gram +

anaerobic or facultative

33
Q

what may contribute to root caries

A

AA

34
Q

what may be important in early stages of enamel caries

A

AA

35
Q

Describe bio of Veilonella

A

DOES NOT ferment carbs
ferments lactate!! raises pH
gram - anaerobic

36
Q

How does Veilonella contribute to caries?

A

Veilonella ferments lactate produce by streps which raises the pH thus helping pathogenic organisms survive and continue producing acid

37
Q

what is important in established and deep caries

A

Lactobacilli

38
Q

describe bio of lactobacilli

A

Lactobacilli is gram + rod

anaerobic, saccharolytic, acidogenic

39
Q

what may be important in deep caries that is a gram + rod that is anaerobic saccharolytic and acidogenic

A

Bifidobacterium and scardovia

40
Q

S sanguinis binds to pellicle via what

A

via specific adhesins

41
Q

S mutans binds to S sanguinis via what

A

via specific adhesins

42
Q

S mutan elaborates ECM from what

A

ECM from polysaccharide= glucan

43
Q

how does S mutans bind to glucan

A

via glucan binding proteins

44
Q

aciduric means what

A

bacteria can survive low pH so acid TOLERANT

45
Q

acidogenic means what

A

bacteria can lower pH

SO ACID PRODUCING!

46
Q

who can ferment sugars at low pH S sanguinis or S mutans

A

S mutans ferments sugars better at low pH than S sanguinis does

47
Q

what do healthy bacteria do

A

grow and make acid at high pH stops at LOW pH

48
Q

what do caries bacteria do

A

grow and make acid at LOW pH

49
Q

what do S mutans do in response to environmental exposure changes

A

S mutans will change gene expression thus making them more resistant to O2, higher pH and UV, enhances glycolysis causes S mutans to be more acid tolerant and produce more acid

50
Q

what is more important to caries short or long term sugar exposure

A

LONG term is more carious

51
Q

Low pH plaque due to inc sugar and carbs consumption does what

A

more favorable for S mutans than S sanguinis thus removing protective check from alkali generating organism like S sanguinis causing more acid to be produced thus lowering pH more thus demineralizing more thus deselecting for healthy bacteria more

52
Q

Describe the acquisition of S mutans

A

S mutans are usually acquired around 26 months (window of infectivity) from caregivers or others

53
Q

Caries vaccines to S mutans target what

A

glucosyl transferase and binding proteins

54
Q

what passive immunity approaches are under way for caries vaccines

A

ABs in tobacco plants, in immunized cows,

55
Q

Active immunity vaccines for carries include

A

mucosal vaccination for active immunity adjuvants required to elicit much response

56
Q

what is replacement therapy

A

replacement of carious wild type S mutans with genetically engineered non lactate producing strain

57
Q

what are stamps

A

Stamps are pheromone or AB guided antimicrobials that kill only targeted species

Pediatrics Oral Micro (9 decks)

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