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Pediatrics Oral Micro > Effects of Nutrition on Caries > Flashcards

Effects of Nutrition on Caries Flashcards

1
Q

malnutrition INC or DEC caries rate in children

A

INC caries rate
Peru children- infant malnutrition- inc caries
British skulls- malnutrition = high caries

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2
Q

Is nutrition during or post development important for caries rate?

A

During development nutrition is critical.

Post development no evidence nutrition has any effect

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3
Q

Nutritional rate has weak/ strong correlation with caries?

A

weak

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4
Q

where are smooth surface caries common

A

primarily a disease of industrialized societies

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5
Q

pre industrialized societies caries rate are what

A

low and confined to root surfaces and fissures

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6
Q

as diets to what inc caries inc

A

caries inc as we eat more refined foods

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7
Q

INC sugar consumption means what

A

inc caries rates

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8
Q

inc sugar consumption above a threshold does or does not show INC caries

A

At a high threshold of sugar consumption caries rates show no increase

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9
Q

does evidence show a inc in caries when more sugar is consumed for both children and adults?

A

yes more sugar= more caires

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10
Q

what kind of relationship exists between sucrose intake and development of caries

A

Log linear dose response relationship

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11
Q

what are the guidelines for sugar intake per day

A

less than 10% of total calories or 12 teaspoons per ay

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12
Q

what was an accidental experiment that showed dec sucrose intake reduced caries rates

A

Wartime restrictions in Engladn during WW 2

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13
Q

What was the Vipeholm study

A

the Vipeholm study studied patients in a mental hospital in Sweden. 3 groups
1 group: vitamins low carbs
2 group: extreme carb diet
3 group: sugar carbs diet equaling swedish children

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14
Q

What did the Vipeholm study show

A 
No sugar = no caries
small sugar at meals= small caries inc
lots of sucrose = high caries
sticky foods cause more caries
sugar between meals= more caries
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15
Q

sucrose with meals and between meals equals what

A

4 fold inc in caries

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16
Q

Sticky food especially between meals equals what

A

EXTREME RISE IN CARIES

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17
Q

what was the hope wood study

A

Australian orphanage children fed a natural vegetarian diet w low refined carbs and eating was controlled but hygiene was poor and F was deficient

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18
Q

what was the results of the hope wood study

A

Low sugar low carb diet led to reduced caries rate, but has soon has they were relocated caries rates climbed

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19
Q

what was the study on Iraqi children

A

Iraqi children were used to measure there preference towards sweetness correlated with their caries rates

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20
Q

results of Iraqi children study

A

urban kids preferred sweeter tea compared to rural kids
low education level and time in city correlated with preference for great sweetness
sweet preferences changes with exposure to sugar

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21
Q

Iraqi children study results with sugar and caries

A

positive correlation between sweet preference and caries
higher threshold for sweetness and greater sugar consumption correlates with caries
sensitivity to sweetness correlated with lower caries rate

22
Q

nontaster children had more or less caries than tasters and tasters has more/ less supertasters

A

nontaster children in iraq had MORE caries than tasters and tasters had more caries than super tasters

23
Q

A high carb diet leads to what

A

a selection of cariogenic bacteria inc Lactobacillus etc

24
Q

Explain the experiment in dental students

A

dental students had no oral hygiene and 9 daily rinses with 50% sucrose and after 2 weeks white spot lesions were observed

25
Q

relative cariogenicity of carbs?

A

sucrose, fructose and cooked starches

26
Q

explain the Turku study

A

showed that groups consuming xylitol had lower white spots than fructose group and the sucrose diet group at the most caries!

27
Q

Who consumes more sucrose and have more smooth surface caries? British or american children

A

British children have more smooth surface caries

28
Q

How much sugar do Americans eat per year?

A

on average 140 lbs per american per year

29
Q

what is currently the leading source of added sugars to our daily diet

A

soft drinks

30
Q

75% of teenage boys drank almost ?? cans of soda per day and 66% of teenage girls drank ?? cans of soda per day

A 
boys= 3 cans of soda per day
girls= 2 cans of soda per day
31
Q

the highest average consumption of fluid milk peaks at 2 cups per day at age ?? and declines to only 3/4 cup at age ??

A

age 1 milk consumption peaks

3/4 cup at age 18

32
Q

what has led to an increase in caries in young children

A

Increased consumption of sugared soda pop, powdered beverages and to a lesser extent 100% juice has led to an increase in children

33
Q

dietary guidelines for children

A

limit intake of 100% juice to 4-6 oz daily. restrict other sugared beverages to occasional used
consume 2 or more servings of dairy foods

34
Q

reduced and non cariogenic sweetener description

A

not non caloric, provide bulk of sugar but less calories, usually not as sweet as sucrose. DO NOT PROMOTE DECAY. used in chewing gums, candies, ice cream, baked goods

35
Q

Xylitol has been shown to reduce/ or increase caries

A

Xylitol has been shown to prevent caries

36
Q

Xylitol gum may be ____ effective than sorbitol gum or combinations of xylitol and sorbitol

A

Xylitol is MORE effective than sorbitol gum and a combination of xylitol and sorbitol

37
Q

is eating a xylitol candy as effective as chewing xylitol gum?

A

yes xylitol is xylitol which is proven effective in reducing caries

38
Q

chewing sugar free gum 3 or more times a day for prolonged periods may reduce caries, does it depend on the type of sugar alcohol used?

A

no chew sugar free gum 3X for long time dec caries!

39
Q

what is the warning about xylitol consumption?

A

Poisonous to dogs! causes rapid sever insulin inc leading to hypoglycemia and death

40
Q

Properties of Aspartme (equal)

A

dipeptide of phenylalanine and aspartic acid, NOT SAFE in pots w phenylketonuria
200X sweeter than sugar, digested but small so considered calorie free
NOT HEAT Stable

41
Q

properites of Saccharin (sweet n low)

A

bitter after taste, NON caloric NON cariogenic, used in toothpaste
causes bladder cancer in rodents (safe in humans)

42
Q

Acesulfmae K (sunette)

A

high intensity non caloric 200x sweeter than sucrose, not metabolized NON cariogenic

43
Q

Sucralose (Splenda)

A

Chlorinated sucrose derivative 600x sweeter than sucrose, NON caloric NON Cariogenic

44
Q

Stevia extract (truvia)

A

200x sweeter than sugar, heat stable, NON Cariogenic NON caloric

45
Q

how do you measure cariogenicity

A

micro electrodes on tooth (stephan curves) to monitor plaque bacteria dec pH below 5.5

46
Q

What physical properties may affect foods influence to produce caries?

A

adhesion to teeth influenced by:
water to diet reduces carries
starch retained longer = more acid
cooked starch more soluble and retained even longer

47
Q

salivary stimulation of eating food does what

A

buffers acid

48
Q

what foodstuffs inhibit caries

A 
xylitol
Ca, P (buffer  and stabilizes crystals)
fat
casuin phosphopeptide  (promotes remin)
sodium bicarbonate  (raises pH) 
carbamide (raises plaque pH)
49
Q

timing and sequence of food and caries

A

longer contact time = lower pH

last food eaten last off

50
Q

are sugars from fruits and vegetables harmful?

A

NO evidence

Pediatrics Oral Micro (9 decks)

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