Effects of Nutrition on Caries

Question 1

malnutrition INC or DEC caries rate in children

Answer 1

INC caries rate
Peru children- infant malnutrition- inc caries
British skulls- malnutrition = high caries

Question 2

Is nutrition during or post development important for caries rate?

Answer 2

During development nutrition is critical.

Post development no evidence nutrition has any effect

Question 3

Nutritional rate has weak/ strong correlation with caries?

Answer 3

weak

Question 4

where are smooth surface caries common

Answer 4

primarily a disease of industrialized societies

Question 5

pre industrialized societies caries rate are what

Answer 5

low and confined to root surfaces and fissures

Question 6

as diets to what inc caries inc

Answer 6

caries inc as we eat more refined foods

Question 7

INC sugar consumption means what

Answer 7

inc caries rates

Question 8

inc sugar consumption above a threshold does or does not show INC caries

Answer 8

At a high threshold of sugar consumption caries rates show no increase

Question 9

does evidence show a inc in caries when more sugar is consumed for both children and adults?

Answer 9

yes more sugar= more caires

Question 10

what kind of relationship exists between sucrose intake and development of caries

Answer 10

Log linear dose response relationship

Question 11

what are the guidelines for sugar intake per day

Answer 11

less than 10% of total calories or 12 teaspoons per ay

Question 12

what was an accidental experiment that showed dec sucrose intake reduced caries rates

Answer 12

Wartime restrictions in Engladn during WW 2

Question 13

What was the Vipeholm study

Answer 13

the Vipeholm study studied patients in a mental hospital in Sweden. 3 groups
1 group: vitamins low carbs
2 group: extreme carb diet
3 group: sugar carbs diet equaling swedish children

Question 14

What did the Vipeholm study show

Answer 14

No sugar = no caries
small sugar at meals= small caries inc
lots of sucrose = high caries
sticky foods cause more caries
sugar between meals= more caries

Question 15

sucrose with meals and between meals equals what

Answer 15

4 fold inc in caries

Question 16

Sticky food especially between meals equals what

Answer 16

EXTREME RISE IN CARIES

Question 17

what was the hope wood study

Answer 17

Australian orphanage children fed a natural vegetarian diet w low refined carbs and eating was controlled but hygiene was poor and F was deficient

Question 18

what was the results of the hope wood study

Answer 18

Low sugar low carb diet led to reduced caries rate, but has soon has they were relocated caries rates climbed

Question 19

what was the study on Iraqi children

Answer 19

Iraqi children were used to measure there preference towards sweetness correlated with their caries rates

Question 20

results of Iraqi children study

Answer 20

urban kids preferred sweeter tea compared to rural kids
low education level and time in city correlated with preference for great sweetness
sweet preferences changes with exposure to sugar

Question 21

Iraqi children study results with sugar and caries

Answer 21

positive correlation between sweet preference and caries
higher threshold for sweetness and greater sugar consumption correlates with caries
sensitivity to sweetness correlated with lower caries rate

Question 22

nontaster children had more or less caries than tasters and tasters has more/ less supertasters

Answer 22

nontaster children in iraq had MORE caries than tasters and tasters had more caries than super tasters

Question 23

A high carb diet leads to what

Answer 23

a selection of cariogenic bacteria inc Lactobacillus etc

Question 24

Explain the experiment in dental students

Answer 24

dental students had no oral hygiene and 9 daily rinses with 50% sucrose and after 2 weeks white spot lesions were observed

Question 25

relative cariogenicity of carbs?

Answer 25

sucrose, fructose and cooked starches

Question 26

explain the Turku study

Answer 26

showed that groups consuming xylitol had lower white spots than fructose group and the sucrose diet group at the most caries!

Question 27

Who consumes more sucrose and have more smooth surface caries? British or american children

Answer 27

British children have more smooth surface caries

Question 28

How much sugar do Americans eat per year?

Answer 28

on average 140 lbs per american per year

Question 29

what is currently the leading source of added sugars to our daily diet

Answer 29

soft drinks

Question 30

75% of teenage boys drank almost ?? cans of soda per day and 66% of teenage girls drank ?? cans of soda per day

Answer 30

``` boys= 3 cans of soda per day girls= 2 cans of soda per day ```

Question 31

the highest average consumption of fluid milk peaks at 2 cups per day at age ?? and declines to only 3/4 cup at age ??

Answer 31

age 1 milk consumption peaks | 3/4 cup at age 18

Question 32

what has led to an increase in caries in young children

Answer 32

Increased consumption of sugared soda pop, powdered beverages and to a lesser extent 100% juice has led to an increase in children

Question 33

dietary guidelines for children

Answer 33

limit intake of 100% juice to 4-6 oz daily. restrict other sugared beverages to occasional used consume 2 or more servings of dairy foods

Question 34

reduced and non cariogenic sweetener description

Answer 34

not non caloric, provide bulk of sugar but less calories, usually not as sweet as sucrose. DO NOT PROMOTE DECAY. used in chewing gums, candies, ice cream, baked goods

Question 35

Xylitol has been shown to reduce/ or increase caries

Answer 35

Xylitol has been shown to prevent caries

Question 36

Xylitol gum may be ____ effective than sorbitol gum or combinations of xylitol and sorbitol

Answer 36

Xylitol is MORE effective than sorbitol gum and a combination of xylitol and sorbitol

Question 37

is eating a xylitol candy as effective as chewing xylitol gum?

Answer 37

yes xylitol is xylitol which is proven effective in reducing caries

Question 38

chewing sugar free gum 3 or more times a day for prolonged periods may reduce caries, does it depend on the type of sugar alcohol used?

Answer 38

no chew sugar free gum 3X for long time dec caries!

Question 39

what is the warning about xylitol consumption?

Answer 39

Poisonous to dogs! causes rapid sever insulin inc leading to hypoglycemia and death

Question 40

Properties of Aspartme (equal)

Answer 40

dipeptide of phenylalanine and aspartic acid, NOT SAFE in pots w phenylketonuria 200X sweeter than sugar, digested but small so considered calorie free NOT HEAT Stable

Question 41

properites of Saccharin (sweet n low)

Answer 41

bitter after taste, NON caloric NON cariogenic, used in toothpaste causes bladder cancer in rodents (safe in humans)

Question 42

Acesulfmae K (sunette)

Answer 42

high intensity non caloric 200x sweeter than sucrose, not metabolized NON cariogenic

Question 43

Sucralose (Splenda)

Answer 43

Chlorinated sucrose derivative 600x sweeter than sucrose, NON caloric NON Cariogenic

Question 44

Stevia extract (truvia)

Answer 44

200x sweeter than sugar, heat stable, NON Cariogenic NON caloric

Question 45

how do you measure cariogenicity

Answer 45

micro electrodes on tooth (stephan curves) to monitor plaque bacteria dec pH below 5.5

Question 46

What physical properties may affect foods influence to produce caries?

Answer 46

adhesion to teeth influenced by: water to diet reduces carries starch retained longer = more acid cooked starch more soluble and retained even longer

Question 47

salivary stimulation of eating food does what

Answer 47

buffers acid

Question 48

what foodstuffs inhibit caries

Answer 48

``` xylitol Ca, P (buffer and stabilizes crystals) fat casuin phosphopeptide (promotes remin) sodium bicarbonate (raises pH) carbamide (raises plaque pH) ```

Question 49

timing and sequence of food and caries

Answer 49

longer contact time = lower pH | last food eaten last off

Question 50

are sugars from fruits and vegetables harmful?

Answer 50

NO evidence