Effects of Nutrition on Caries Flashcards
malnutrition INC or DEC caries rate in children
INC caries rate
Peru children- infant malnutrition- inc caries
British skulls- malnutrition = high caries
Is nutrition during or post development important for caries rate?
During development nutrition is critical.
Post development no evidence nutrition has any effect
Nutritional rate has weak/ strong correlation with caries?
weak
where are smooth surface caries common
primarily a disease of industrialized societies
pre industrialized societies caries rate are what
low and confined to root surfaces and fissures
as diets to what inc caries inc
caries inc as we eat more refined foods
INC sugar consumption means what
inc caries rates
inc sugar consumption above a threshold does or does not show INC caries
At a high threshold of sugar consumption caries rates show no increase
does evidence show a inc in caries when more sugar is consumed for both children and adults?
yes more sugar= more caires
what kind of relationship exists between sucrose intake and development of caries
Log linear dose response relationship
what are the guidelines for sugar intake per day
less than 10% of total calories or 12 teaspoons per ay
what was an accidental experiment that showed dec sucrose intake reduced caries rates
Wartime restrictions in Engladn during WW 2
What was the Vipeholm study
the Vipeholm study studied patients in a mental hospital in Sweden. 3 groups
1 group: vitamins low carbs
2 group: extreme carb diet
3 group: sugar carbs diet equaling swedish children
What did the Vipeholm study show
No sugar = no caries small sugar at meals= small caries inc lots of sucrose = high caries sticky foods cause more caries sugar between meals= more caries
sucrose with meals and between meals equals what
4 fold inc in caries
Sticky food especially between meals equals what
EXTREME RISE IN CARIES
what was the hope wood study
Australian orphanage children fed a natural vegetarian diet w low refined carbs and eating was controlled but hygiene was poor and F was deficient
what was the results of the hope wood study
Low sugar low carb diet led to reduced caries rate, but has soon has they were relocated caries rates climbed
what was the study on Iraqi children
Iraqi children were used to measure there preference towards sweetness correlated with their caries rates
results of Iraqi children study
urban kids preferred sweeter tea compared to rural kids
low education level and time in city correlated with preference for great sweetness
sweet preferences changes with exposure to sugar
Iraqi children study results with sugar and caries
positive correlation between sweet preference and caries
higher threshold for sweetness and greater sugar consumption correlates with caries
sensitivity to sweetness correlated with lower caries rate
nontaster children had more or less caries than tasters and tasters has more/ less supertasters
nontaster children in iraq had MORE caries than tasters and tasters had more caries than super tasters
A high carb diet leads to what
a selection of cariogenic bacteria inc Lactobacillus etc
Explain the experiment in dental students
dental students had no oral hygiene and 9 daily rinses with 50% sucrose and after 2 weeks white spot lesions were observed
relative cariogenicity of carbs?
sucrose, fructose and cooked starches
explain the Turku study
showed that groups consuming xylitol had lower white spots than fructose group and the sucrose diet group at the most caries!
Who consumes more sucrose and have more smooth surface caries? British or american children
British children have more smooth surface caries
How much sugar do Americans eat per year?
on average 140 lbs per american per year
what is currently the leading source of added sugars to our daily diet
soft drinks
75% of teenage boys drank almost ?? cans of soda per day and 66% of teenage girls drank ?? cans of soda per day
boys= 3 cans of soda per day girls= 2 cans of soda per day
the highest average consumption of fluid milk peaks at 2 cups per day at age ?? and declines to only 3/4 cup at age ??
age 1 milk consumption peaks
3/4 cup at age 18
what has led to an increase in caries in young children
Increased consumption of sugared soda pop, powdered beverages and to a lesser extent 100% juice has led to an increase in children
dietary guidelines for children
limit intake of 100% juice to 4-6 oz daily. restrict other sugared beverages to occasional used
consume 2 or more servings of dairy foods
reduced and non cariogenic sweetener description
not non caloric, provide bulk of sugar but less calories, usually not as sweet as sucrose. DO NOT PROMOTE DECAY. used in chewing gums, candies, ice cream, baked goods
Xylitol has been shown to reduce/ or increase caries
Xylitol has been shown to prevent caries
Xylitol gum may be ____ effective than sorbitol gum or combinations of xylitol and sorbitol
Xylitol is MORE effective than sorbitol gum and a combination of xylitol and sorbitol
is eating a xylitol candy as effective as chewing xylitol gum?
yes xylitol is xylitol which is proven effective in reducing caries
chewing sugar free gum 3 or more times a day for prolonged periods may reduce caries, does it depend on the type of sugar alcohol used?
no chew sugar free gum 3X for long time dec caries!
what is the warning about xylitol consumption?
Poisonous to dogs! causes rapid sever insulin inc leading to hypoglycemia and death
Properties of Aspartme (equal)
dipeptide of phenylalanine and aspartic acid, NOT SAFE in pots w phenylketonuria
200X sweeter than sugar, digested but small so considered calorie free
NOT HEAT Stable
properites of Saccharin (sweet n low)
bitter after taste, NON caloric NON cariogenic, used in toothpaste
causes bladder cancer in rodents (safe in humans)
Acesulfmae K (sunette)
high intensity non caloric 200x sweeter than sucrose, not metabolized NON cariogenic
Sucralose (Splenda)
Chlorinated sucrose derivative 600x sweeter than sucrose, NON caloric NON Cariogenic
Stevia extract (truvia)
200x sweeter than sugar, heat stable, NON Cariogenic NON caloric
how do you measure cariogenicity
micro electrodes on tooth (stephan curves) to monitor plaque bacteria dec pH below 5.5
What physical properties may affect foods influence to produce caries?
adhesion to teeth influenced by:
water to diet reduces carries
starch retained longer = more acid
cooked starch more soluble and retained even longer
salivary stimulation of eating food does what
buffers acid
what foodstuffs inhibit caries
xylitol Ca, P (buffer and stabilizes crystals) fat casuin phosphopeptide (promotes remin) sodium bicarbonate (raises pH) carbamide (raises plaque pH)
timing and sequence of food and caries
longer contact time = lower pH
last food eaten last off
are sugars from fruits and vegetables harmful?
NO evidence
