Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pediatrics Oral Micro > Fluoride and caries > Flashcards

Fluoride and caries Flashcards

1
Q

in 1930 fluoride levels in drinking water was noted for what

A

fluorosis was related to F in drinking water and F was associated with reduced caries rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the ideal concentration of F to maximize caries benefits and minimize fluorosis

A

F at 1 ppm! reduced caries by 50%!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what lays down enamel

A

ameloblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what happens during secretory stage of ameloblasts

A

ameloblasts lay down protein matrix and rods begin to form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens during pre eruptive stage (maturation stage) of ameloblasts

A

maturation stage= ameloblasts fill in crystal structure with mineral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

during the secretory stage high levels of F can do what

A

high levels of F during secretory stage causes pitting and disturbances in form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens during the maturation stage when moderately high levels of F are present

A

maturation stage + high levels of F = chalky whiteness and weakness of enamel causing possible fracture and stain after eruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how much F is incorporated into the enamel during the pre eruptive stage

A

very little F put into enamel during maturation stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

before tooth eruption does F water provide a benefit?

A

NO benefit of F water before tooth eruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in order for benefits to continue what must happen

A

fluoridation must continue throughout life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

will people benefit from fluoridation after teeth have erupted?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What has impacted reduced caries rate in addition to F water?

A

topical products like toothpaste!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the effects of water fluoridation?

A

water fluoridation = topical effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what increases fluorosis

A

INGESTION of F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

topical products or systemic supplements which one provides a lower risk

A

TOPICAL products = lower risks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

who do we systemically supplement with F

A

HIGH risk children, but policies are not in line with evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Enamel composition

A

87% HA
11% water
2% organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do newly formed crystals in a young tooth usually have?

A

Impurities such as carbonate, sodium, other ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is post eruptive enamel maturation

A

the replacement of carbonate with phosphate, replacement of sodium w calcium, and replacement of hydroxyl with F through the bathing of saliva that has been exposed to F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does post eruptive maturation do to enamel

A

makes HA less soluble and this enamel stronger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what teeth are more susceptible to caries?

A

young teeth, post eruptive maturation strengthens teeth over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when does HA crystals dissolve?

A

when pH drops below 5.5

the lower the pH the more demineralization occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does F ions do?

A

F prevents dissolving of Ca ions, under acidic conditions HA dissolves and reprecipitates as F-HA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is less soluble thus stronger? HA or F-HA

A

F-HA is stronger and less soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what does the pH needs to remain above for F-HA to form when HA dissolves from subsurface
F-HA needs pH above 4.5!! and F must be available
26
when pH rises above 5.5 what happens
F ions enhance remineralization of enamel and dentin
27
presence of F at ____ levels in solution is more ____ than ____ concentrations incorporated into enamel
presence of F at low levels in solution is more beneficial than high concentrations incorporated into enamel
28
outer enamel (surface) has more what and less what?
surface enamel has more F-HA and less carbonate
29
does F diffuse well into the body of a lesion?
NO F will react with outer layers first to form F-HA
30
what happens during demineralization?
subsurface HA is dissolved while surface F-HA is formed leaving a demineralized subsurface and a thin enamel shell
31
white spot lesions usually have what compared to surrounding enamel areas?
white spot lesions have very HIGH F concentrations
32
areas covered by plaque have what
plaque covered enamel has HIGH F levels
33
worn areas from abrasion and erosion have what levels of F
worn areas= low levels of F
34
when does F-Ha form on the surfaces of enamel
when topical F concentrations are 50 ppm or lower
35
what happens when topical F concentrations are 100 ppm or higher?
CaF2 precipitates, acid helps with deposition of CaF bc Ca ions are available
36
what happens on the surface, in crevices, and in plaque to F
spherical globules precipitate
37
what 3 factors increase CaF2 deposition
INC concentration of F INC exposure time low pH
38
what protects from CaF2 deposition
limit rinsing or covering with varnish
39
what prevents teeth from dissolving
supersaturation of saliva with Ca and P
40
why don't HA crystal continue to grow?
Bc salivary pellicle proteins coat the enamel such as Tyrosine proteins, statherin, and proline proteins
41
what prevents spontaneous precipitation in salivary ducts?
salivary pellicle proteins
42
what does plaque do
Prevents access of saliva to enamel surface
43
what leads to calculus formation
high concentrations of Ca and P
44
when can fluorosis occur
During TEETH DEVELOPMENT
45
F concentration on teeth highest where
F highest on tooth surface decent on topical exposure
46
is exposure during tooth development a major determinant of F levels in enamel?
NO!!
47
what is fluorosis
Fluorosis is an increase in enamel porosity that appears chalky white
48
when does brown discoloration occur to teeth
post eruptively due to staining and browning of exposed proteins
49
Fluorosis severity and incidence is correlated with what
amount of F exposure
50
is there a threshold which will cause now fluorosis below that threshold?
NO low levels of F a certain level of fluorosis occurs
51
what is seen as attractive by most?
mild fluorosis
52
what teeth have the greatest risk of fluorosis and when?
Upper central incisors from 15-30 months
53
How does F play a role in antimicrobial effects?
F binds to sites that would normally bind to OH and inhibits enzymes and regulatory proteins
54
Do bacteria develop resistance to F?
NOO bacterial resistance to F
55
What does F do to enolase to prevent acid production?
F inhibits enolase
56
when is F most effective against glycolysis
at low pH
57
how does F affect the ecology of biofilms?
reduces enrichment of acid tolerant species
58
does F have affect bacteria at normal pH?
No! F has no inhibitory effects at higher pH
59
what is the most productive way to distribute F?
Community based water Fluoridation
60
Self applied F
topical, high freq low concentration and systemic supplements
61
professionally applied
low freq, high concentration topical
62
when is optimum benefit of F observed?
during acid challenge
63
Toothpaste F concentration
1000 ppm F (.1 or .15%)
64
NaF2 and SnF2 have equal or different effectiveness and concentrations of F
both are equally effective and equally concentrated with F
65
what is not compatible with chalk based formulas?
NaF2 need silica based for NaF2
66
what is compatible with chalk based formulas?
MFP
67
Rx toothpaste has what concentration of F
5000 ppm
68
is there a relationship between amount of toothpaste and caries
NO. amount doesn't matter concentration is the important
69
what is important with toothpaste and brushing?
Frequency! twice a day best!
70
rinse or no rinse better?
NO RINSE best!
71
safe amounts for preschool children?
pea sized dab
72
OTC F rinse concentration and effectiveness
.02% F (200 ppm) | 25% reduction in caries

Pediatrics Oral Micro (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions