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Neuro 2 exam > Stephens Embryo lecture > Flashcards

Stephens Embryo lecture Flashcards

1
Q

CN of Arch 1

A

trigeminal

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2
Q

Skeletal of Arch 1

A

malleus, incus, maxilla, mandible, meckels

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3
Q

Muscle of Arch 1

A

muscles of mastication

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4
Q

CN of Arch 2

A

Facial nerve

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5
Q

Skeletal of Arch 2

A

reichert’s cartilage, stapes, upper hyoid bone, lesser cornu

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6
Q

Muscle of Arch 2

A

facial expression

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7
Q

CN of Arch 3

A

Glossopharyngeal

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8
Q

Skeletal of Arch 3

A

greater cornu, lower hyoid

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9
Q

Muscle of Arch 3

A

stylopharyngeus

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10
Q

CN of Arch 4

A

Vagus

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11
Q

Skeletal of Arch 4

A

laryngeal and thyroid cartilage

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12
Q

Muscle of Arch 4

A

pharyngeal and laryngeal mm.

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13
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 1

A

eustation tube, tympanic membrane, and external acoustic meatus

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14
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 2

A

tonsils, root of tongue

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15
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 3

A

inferior parathyroid, thyroid

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16
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 4

A

superior thyroid

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17
Q

Cranioschisis

A

failure of occipital and parietal bones to form or close

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18
Q

Microcephaly

A

small cranium due to early fusion of cranial sutures

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19
Q

Macrocephaly

A

enlarged cranium secondary to hydrocephaly from early fusion of superior cranial sutures

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20
Q

Apert Syndrome

A

premature fusion of coronal sutures
“tower skull”
associated with fetal alcohol syndrome

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21
Q

Cleft chin

A

mandibular prominences partially or completely fail to fuse

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22
Q

Anterior cleft deformity

A

failure of medial nasal and maxillary swelling to fuse

23
Q

Posterior cleft deformity

A

failure of palatine shelves to fuse

24
Q

Cleft lip

A

anterior deformity, more common in males

25
Q

Cleft palate

A

posterior deformity, more common in females

26
Q

Oblique facial cleft

A

failure of maxillary swelling to fuse with lateral nasal swelling (palatine shelves)

27
Q

What is exposed with an oblique facial cleft

A

nasolacrimal duct

28
Q

Median cleft lip and bifid nose

A

failure of medial nasal prominences to fuse

29
Q

Macrostomia and microstomia

A

dysfunction of maxillary and mandibular swelling

30
Q

Agathnia

A

dysgenesis of mandibular swelling

31
Q

Neurocranium

A

first 10 weeks

cradles the skull

32
Q

Viscerocranium- cartilaginous

A

forms brachial arches

33
Q

Viscerocranium- membranous

A

forms maxillary and mandibular processes of arch #1

34
Q

Stomodeum origin

A

ectoderm

35
Q

Stomodeum function

A

demarkation of anterior 2/3 of oral cavity vs posterior 1/3 of oral cavity

36
Q

Facial Swellings

A

frontal prominence, maxillary prominence, and mandibular prominence

37
Q

Frontal prominence

A

forms forhead, dorsum and apex of nose

forms nasal placodes

38
Q

Nasal placodes form..

A

form medial and lateral nasal prominence

39
Q

Medial nasal prominence

A

forms medial nose, upper lip, and philtrum

40
Q

Lateral nasal prominence

A

alae of nose

41
Q

Maxillary prominence

A

forms lateral part of upper lip, lateral jaw, and secondary palate

42
Q

Nasolacrimal groove

A

oblique furrow formed between lateral nasal prominence and maxillary prominence

43
Q

Mandibular prominence

A

forms lower jaw and lower lip

44
Q

Mimetic muscles

A

muscles of facial expression from arch 2 that invade arch 1 swellings

45
Q

Nose formation

A

nasal palcodes –> nasal pits –> nasal sac

46
Q

Nasal sac

A

primitive nasal cavity

47
Q

Oronasal membrane

A

separates primitive nasal cavity from primitive oral cavity

48
Q

What does oronasal membrane breakdown into

A

primitive choanae

49
Q

Intermaxillary process

A

forms nasal septum and primary palate

50
Q

How is intermaxillary process formed

A

fusion of medial and nasal prominences

51
Q

Primary palate

A

forms upper lip

52
Q

How is primary palate formed

A

from deep portions of intermaxillary process

53
Q

Incisive foramen

A

boundary between primary and secondary palate and distinguishes between anterior and posterior cleft deformities

54
Q

How is secondary palate formed

A

formed by palatine shelves (lateral palatine processes)

Shelves fuse with each other and form secondary palate

Neuro 2 exam (8 decks)

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