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Neuro 2 exam > Karius Thermoregulation > Flashcards

Karius Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

Normal body temperature

A

36.3 - 37.1 degrees C

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2
Q

How is controlled variable measured

A

sensor ex. thermostat

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3
Q

Sensor of controlled variable system

A

ex. thermostat if it’s cooler that set point then the the heater will turn on, if thermostat is warmer than the set point then the air conditioning will turn on

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4
Q

Feed-Forward system

A

information is used to prevent changes in the controlled varible

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5
Q

Example of feed forward system

A
  1. sun an change room temperature, the actual room never changed
  2. bodies in a room make the room warmer but the actual temperature of the room never changes
  3. If it’s cold outside, you put on a sweater, body temperature didn’t change but you know it would if you didn’t but a sweater on
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6
Q

Is thermoregulation feed forward or negative feedback

A

Negative feedback with some feed forward aspects

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7
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

neurons which change their firing rate in response to changes in local temperature

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8
Q

Warm sensitive thermoreceptors

A

4 channels - TRP V1-4 which all cover different temperature ranges
V = vanilloid = capsaicin

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9
Q

Warm sensitive thermoreceptors at low temperatures

A

not a lot of action potentials

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10
Q

Warm sensitive thermoreceptors at high temperatures

A

lots of action potentials – except it can plateau and that means the skin is burning

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11
Q

Cold sensitive thermoreceptors activated

A

as temperature decreases

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12
Q

Ions involved in cold sensitive thermoreceptors

A

Na and Ca++ influx

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13
Q

Where are thermoreceptors found

A

skin, viscera, and the brain (hypothalamus)

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14
Q

Hypothalamus invovled in thermoregulatory system

A

controls hormonal, autonomic, and behavioral changes

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15
Q

Location for response to heat

A

anterior - heat loss behaviors

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16
Q

Location for response to cooling

A

posterior - heat production behaviors

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17
Q

Most controlled temperature place in the body

A

brain and abdomen

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18
Q

Least controlled temperature place in the body

A

hands and feet

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19
Q

Body temp change with sleep

A

temp decreases b/c of circadian influence

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20
Q

Body temp change with excercise

A

temp increases b/c of increase in heat production and set point increase

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21
Q

What determines set point

A

hypothalamus determines set point for core temp

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22
Q

Set point

A

desired temp value

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23
Q

Temperature influence on body

A

changes enzyme activity and cellular function

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24
Q

Change in environment temperature

A

can threaten body temperature

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25
Q

Cutaneous themoreceptors

A

*these tell us about environmental conditions
axons located in skin
often bimodal
may be warm or cold - 10x as sensitive to cold

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26
Q

Visceral thermoreceptors

A

*threats to maintenance due to food intake (eat scoop of ice cream or hot pepper)

27
Q

Central thermoreceptors location

A

pre-optic and superoptic region of hypothalamus

28
Q

Central thermoreceptors function

A

tells me about temperature in the brain b/d neuron cell bodies are sensitive to change in temp
relay info to hypothalamus
3x as many warm receptors

29
Q

Heat production mechanism

A

sympathetic system, hormonal control

30
Q

Hormonal heat production mechanism

A

thyroxin and epinephrine/NE

31
Q

Ways of producing heat

A

muscular activity - can be voluntary or involuntary (shivering)
Non-shivering thermogenesis (jumping up and down when at gas station)

32
Q

Shivering sensory to hypothalamus

A

dorsomedial posterior hypothalamus to increase motorneuron excitation

33
Q

Non-shivering thermogenesis

A

hormone influence, food intake, brown adipose tissue

34
Q

Increase food intake on thermogenesis

A

non-shivering thermogenesis

increase metabolism

35
Q

Brown adipose tissue

A

use ATP without directing it towards somewhere
low efficiency = lots of heat production
strong in infants and not adults

36
Q

Evaporative heat loss

A

energy lost as water evaporates

37
Q

Two kinds of evaporative heat loss

A

sweating (controlled) and insensible (respiratory)

38
Q

Convection

A

heat loss

movement of molecules AWAY from contact

39
Q

Conduction

A

heat loss
transfer of heat between objects in contact with one another
depends on the object being colder than body temp

40
Q

Radiation

A

heat loss
infrared radiation transferring heat between 2 objects NOT in physical contact
ex. a wall

41
Q

How to respond to changes in core temperature

A

hypothalamus will adjust to both heat loss and heat production

42
Q

Hypothalamus response to increased core temp

A

decrease heat production - less likely to eat and exercise

increase heat loss - blood to skin (flushing), sweat, insensible heat loss (panting)

43
Q

How to increase convection and conduction

A

send more blood to the skin to send more heat from blood to external environment

44
Q

Sweat gland innervation

A

sympathetic CHOLINERGIC- Ach is the NT binding to a muscarinic receptor

45
Q

Primary secretion of sweat

A

high in water and sodium

*when you sweat a little bit

46
Q

Low flow rate of sweat

A

concentrated- little water, high sodium

47
Q

High flow rates

A

diluted- lots of water, little sodium

48
Q

What happens along the sweat duct

A

reabsorb sodium, chloride, and water

49
Q

Fever

A

controlled increase in body temperation

50
Q

Hypothalamus during fever

A

causes a increase in set point

telling body to change to accommodate for the set point change

51
Q

How to make a fever

A

Secretion of endotoxins –> Immune cells activated –> prostaglandin E2 –> increase hypothalamic set point

52
Q

Body temp to set point temperature during fever

A

body temp

53
Q

Body response to making a fever

A

increase heat production and decease heat loss

54
Q

Increasing heat production during fever

A

shivering and non-shvering thermogenesis

55
Q

Decreasing heat loss during fever

A

decrease conduction/convection and decrease sweat

56
Q

Getting rid of fever

A

no endotoxins, no more immune activation, set point goes back to normal

57
Q

Body temp to set point temperature when getting rid of fever

A

Tb > Tset point

58
Q

Fever breaking

A

decrease heat production, increase heat loss

59
Q

Decreasing heat production when breaking a fever

A

eat less, do less

60
Q

Increasing heat loss when breaking a fever

A

conduction/convection, sweat, pant

61
Q

Hyper and Hypothermia

A

uncontrolled changed in body temperature

62
Q

Implications for hypo and hyperthermia

A

set point is normal, environmental stresses exceed bodies ability to regulate temp
hypothalamic regulation may be lost

63
Q

Hypothalamic tumor

A

can’t thermoregulate

Neuro 2 exam (8 decks)

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