STEP 1 Flashcards
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
Achilles tendon xanthoma
Familial hypercholesterolemia (low LDLr signaling)
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
Waterhouse-Friderichesen syndrome (meningococcemia)
Anterior “drawer” sign
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
Marfan syndrom (fibrillin defect)
Athlete with polycythemia
Secondary to erythropoeitin injection
Back pain, night sweats, fever, weight loss
Pott disease (vertebral TB)
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
Blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
Bluish line on gingiva
Byron line (lead poisoning)
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
Paget disease of the bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
Aortic regurgitation
Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female
System lupus erythematosus
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lish nodules (Irish hamartoma)
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (+ pheochromocytoma, optic glioma
Café-Au-Lait spots, polyostotic fibrous displace, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation
Calf pseudohypertrophy
Musclar dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
Cherry red spots on macula
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
Chest pain on exertion
Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion)
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Child with fever later develops rash on face that spreads to body
Slapped cheeks - erythema infectiosum/fifth disease disease: parvovirus B19
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
Huntington disease (aut. dominant CAG repeat expansion)
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
Macrocell disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
Cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [MS], unilateral [stroke]
viral encephalitis affecting the temporal lobe
HSV-1
most common cause of UTI? in young women?
E coli; staph saprophyticus
tumor of adrenal medulla kids vs adults
kids neuroblastoma (malignant) vs adults pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
most common thyroid cancer
papillary cancer
most common testicular cancer
seminoma
t(9;22)
philadelphia chromosome - bcr-abl fusion in CML
t(8;14)
c-myc activation in burkitt lymphoma
t(14;18)
bcl-2 activation in follicular lymphoma
pt w/ stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
ZE syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
most common site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
cancer associated w/ SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
S4 due to?
stiff ventricle (pressure overload)
S3 due to?
increased ventricular filling (volume overload)
associations w/ renal cell carcinomas
von-hippel-landau dz, cigarette smoking, paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, or ACTH)
anti-centromere antibodies
scleroderma (CREST)
anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
anti-GBM antibodies
goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
anti-histone antibodies
drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
anti-IgG antibodies
RA
anti-mitochondrial antibodies
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
microscopic polyangiitis and churg-strauss syndrome; granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (wegener’s)
anti-smith and anti-dsDNA
SLE
antiplatelet antibodies
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
anti-topoisomerase antibodies
diffuse systemic scleroderma
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
celiac dz
apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray
colorectal carcinoma
bamboo spine on x-ray
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis and + HLA-B27)
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
howell-jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or splenic dysfunction)
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
bloody tap on LP
subarachnoid hemorrhage
boot-shaped heart on x-ray
tetralogy of fallot or RVH
branching gram + rods w/ sulfur granules
actinomyces israelii
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause horner syndrome)
chocolate cyst of ovary
endometriosis
onion skinning periosteal reaction
ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray
giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
pt w/ autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent nose bleeds and oral lesions, widespread AV malformations (usually mucous membranes, skin, GI, pulmonary leads to hemoptysis, and cardiac leading to R–>L shunt causing hypoxemia and reactive polycythemia), and diffuse telangiectasias
hereditary telangiectasia
