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USMLE Rapid Review > STEP 1 > Flashcards

STEP 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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2
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (low LDLr signaling)

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3
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichesen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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4
Q

Anterior “drawer” sign

A

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

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5
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan syndrom (fibrillin defect)

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6
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

Secondary to erythropoeitin injection

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7
Q

Back pain, night sweats, fever, weight loss

A

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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8
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

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9
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)

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10
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Byron line (lead poisoning)

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11
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget disease of the bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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12
Q

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

Aortic regurgitation

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13
Q

Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female

A

System lupus erythematosus

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14
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots, Lish nodules (Irish hamartoma)

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (+ pheochromocytoma, optic glioma

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15
Q

Café-Au-Lait spots, polyostotic fibrous displace, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation

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16
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

Musclar dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene

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17
Q

Cherry red spots on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

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18
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion)

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19
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler syndrome (autoimmune mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)

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20
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy

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21
Q

Child with fever later develops rash on face that spreads to body

A

Slapped cheeks - erythema infectiosum/fifth disease disease: parvovirus B19

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22
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease (aut. dominant CAG repeat expansion)

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23
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

Macrocell disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

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24
Q

Cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

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25
Q

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [MS], unilateral [stroke]

26
Q

viral encephalitis affecting the temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

27
Q

most common cause of UTI? in young women?

A

E coli; staph saprophyticus

28
Q

tumor of adrenal medulla kids vs adults

A

kids neuroblastoma (malignant) vs adults pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

29
Q

most common thyroid cancer

A

papillary cancer

30
Q

most common testicular cancer

A

seminoma

31
Q

t(9;22)

A

philadelphia chromosome - bcr-abl fusion in CML

32
Q

t(8;14)

A

c-myc activation in burkitt lymphoma

33
Q

t(14;18)

A

bcl-2 activation in follicular lymphoma

34
Q

pt w/ stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

ZE syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

35
Q

most common site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

36
Q

cancer associated w/ SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

37
Q

S4 due to?

A

stiff ventricle (pressure overload)

38
Q

S3 due to?

A

increased ventricular filling (volume overload)

39
Q

associations w/ renal cell carcinomas

A

von-hippel-landau dz, cigarette smoking, paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, or ACTH)

40
Q

anti-centromere antibodies

A

scleroderma (CREST)

41
Q

anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

42
Q

anti-GBM antibodies

A

goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

43
Q

anti-histone antibodies

A

drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

44
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A

RA

45
Q

anti-mitochondrial antibodies

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

46
Q

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

A

microscopic polyangiitis and churg-strauss syndrome; granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (wegener’s)

47
Q

anti-smith and anti-dsDNA

A

SLE

48
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

49
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

50
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

celiac dz

51
Q

apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

colorectal carcinoma

52
Q

bamboo spine on x-ray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis and + HLA-B27)

53
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

howell-jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or splenic dysfunction)

54
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

55
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

56
Q

boot-shaped heart on x-ray

A

tetralogy of fallot or RVH

57
Q

branching gram + rods w/ sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

58
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause horner syndrome)

59
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis

60
Q

onion skinning periosteal reaction

A

ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

61
Q

soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

62
Q

pt w/ autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent nose bleeds and oral lesions, widespread AV malformations (usually mucous membranes, skin, GI, pulmonary leads to hemoptysis, and cardiac leading to R–>L shunt causing hypoxemia and reactive polycythemia), and diffuse telangiectasias

A

hereditary telangiectasia

USMLE Rapid Review (16 decks)

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