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USMLE Rapid Review > Emergency Medicine > Flashcards

Emergency Medicine Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

s/e of corticosteroids

A

acute mania, immunosuppression, thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies

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2
Q

tx for DTs

A

BZDs

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3
Q

tx for acetaminophen overdose

A

n-acetylcystine

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4
Q

tx for opoid overdose

A

naloxone

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5
Q

tx for BZD overdose

A

flumazenil

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6
Q

tx for NMS and malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene

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7
Q

tx for malignant HTN

A

nitroprusside

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8
Q

tx for atrial fibrillation

A

rate control, rhythm control, and anticoagulation

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9
Q

tx of SVT

A

if stable, rate control with vagal maneuvers; if unsuccessful, consider adenosine

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10
Q

causes of drug-induced SLE

A

INH, penicillamine, hydralazine, procainamide, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine

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11
Q

most common organism in burn-related pts

A

pseudomonas

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12
Q

signs of neurogenic shock

A

hypotension and bradycardia

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13
Q

decreased CO, decreased PCWP, increased peripheral vascular resistance

A

hypovolemic shock

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14
Q

decreased CO, increased PCWP, increased peripheral vascular resistance

A

cardiogenic shock

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15
Q

increased CO, decreased PCWP, decreased peripheral vascular resistance

A

septic or anaphylactic shock

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16
Q

tx of septic shock

A

IVF and abx

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17
Q

tx of cardiogenic shock

A

identify cause; pressors (ie dopamine)

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18
Q

tx of hypovolemic shock

A

identify cause; IVF or blood

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19
Q

tx of anaphylactic shock

A

diphenhydramine or epi 1:1000

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20
Q

supportive tx for ARDS

A

continuous positive airway pressure

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21
Q

vitamin def - night blindness, dry skin

A

vit A

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22
Q

vitamin def - angular stomatitis, cheilosis, corneal vascularization

A

vit B2 (riboflavin)

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23
Q

vitamin def - pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)

A

vit B3 (niacin)

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24
Q

intoxication symptoms = emotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, coma, blackouts

A

intoxication from alcohol

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25
Q

withdrawal symptoms = anxiety, tremor, seizures (lethal)

A

withdrawal from alcohol

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26
Q

intoxication symptoms = euphoria, resp/CNS depression, decreased gag reflex, PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION (miosis or pinpoint,

A

intoxication from opoids (morphine, heroin, methadone)

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27
Q

withdrawal symptoms = sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, yawning, flu-like illness, diarrhea

A

withdrawal from opoids (morphine, heroin, methadone)

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28
Q

intoxication symptoms = euphoria, grandiosity, PUPILLARY DILATION (mydriasis, or > 4mm), prolonged wakefulness, HTN, tachycardia, anorexia, paranoia, fever

A

intoxication from amphetamines

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29
Q

withdrawal symptoms = anhedonia, increased appetitie, hypersomnolence

A

withdrawal from amphetamines

30
Q

intoxication symptoms = impaired judgement, PUPILLARY DILATION (mydriasis or > 4mm), hallucinations (including tactile), paranoid ideations, angina, sudden cardiac death

A

intoxication from cocaine

31
Q

intoxication symptoms = assaultive, belligerence, psychosis, vertical/horizontal nystagmus

A

intoxication from PCP

32
Q

antidote for tylenol

A

n-acetylcysteine

33
Q

antidote for acid/alkali ingestion

A

upper endoscopy to evaluate for stricture

34
Q

antidote for anticholintesterases, organosphosphates

A

atropine, pralidoxime

35
Q

antidote for antimuscarinic/anticholinergic agents

A

physostigmine

36
Q

antidote for beta-blockers

A

glucagon

37
Q

antidote for barbiturates

A

urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal, supprotive care

38
Q

antidote for BZDs

A

flumazenil (can precipitate withdrawal seizures)

39
Q

antidote for carbon monoxide

A

100% O2, hyperbaric O2

40
Q

antidote for cooper, arsenic, lead, and gold

A

penicillamine

41
Q

antidote for cyanide

A

hydroxycobalamine, amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate

42
Q

antidote for heparin

A

protamine sulfate

43
Q

antidote for INH

A

pyridoxine

44
Q

antidote for iron salts

A

deferoxamine

45
Q

antidote for lead

A

succimer, CaEDTA, dimercaprol

46
Q

antidote for methanol/ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

A

EtOH, dialysis

47
Q

antidote for TCAs. mechanism of action?

A

sodium bicarbonate for QRS prolongation –> mechanism is that sodium load will alleviate depressant actions on myocardial sodium channels; diazepam or lorazepam for seizures; monitor for arrhythmias

48
Q

antidote for theophylline

A

activated charcoal

49
Q

antidote for tPA

A

aminocapronic acid

50
Q

antidote for warfarin

A

vitamin K, FFP

51
Q

major s/e’s of aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

52
Q

major s/e’s of beta-blockers

A

asthma exacerbation, masking of hypoglycemia, impotence, bradycardia, AV block, CHF

53
Q

major s/e’s of carbamazepine

A

agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, liver toxicity

54
Q

major s/e’s of CCBs

A

peripheral edema (-dipine), constipation, cardiac depression

55
Q

major s/e’s of chloramphenicol

A

gray baby syndrome

56
Q

major s/e’s of cisplatin

A

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

57
Q

major s/e’s of clonidine

A

severe rebound HTN/headache, and dry mouth

58
Q

major s/e’s of clozapine

A

agranulocytosis

59
Q

major s/e’s of cyclophosphamide

A

hemorrhagic cystitis (pre-treat w/ mesna)

60
Q

major s/e’s of digoxin

A

GI disturbance, yellow visual changes, arrhythmias (junctional tachycardia or SVT)

61
Q

major s/e’s of doxorubicin

A

cardiotoxicity (cardiomyopathy)

62
Q

major s/e’s of fluoroquinolones

A

tendon rupture; cartilate damage

63
Q

major s/e’s of furosemide

A

ototoxicity, hypoK, nephritis, gout

64
Q

major s/e’s of HCTZ

A

hypoK, hypoNa, hyperGLUC

65
Q

major s/e’s of hydralazine

A

drug-induced SLE (+ anti-histones)

66
Q

major s/e’s of INH

A

peripheral neuropathy (prevent w/ pyridoxine/vitB6), hepatotoxicity

67
Q

major s/e’s of MAO-I

A

HTN tyramine reaction, serotonin syndrome

68
Q

major s/e’s of rifampin

A

orange-red body secretions

69
Q

major s/e’s of TCAs

A

QRS prolongation –> arrhythmias, sedation, anticholinergic effects, seizures, coma, death

70
Q

major s/e’s of vancomycin

A

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome

71
Q

s/e’s of cyclosporine vs tacrolimus (both calcineurin-inhibitors)

A

cyclosporine s/e include nephrotoxicity, hyperK, HTN, gum hypertrophy, hirsutism, and tremor. tacrolimus has similar toxicities except for hirsutism and gum hypertrophy

72
Q

overdose that leads to mydriasis? overdose that leads to miosis?

A

mydriasis - amphetamines and cocaine

miosis - opoids

USMLE Rapid Review (16 decks)

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