Emergency Medicine Flashcards
s/e of corticosteroids
acute mania, immunosuppression, thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies
tx for DTs
BZDs
tx for acetaminophen overdose
n-acetylcystine
tx for opoid overdose
naloxone
tx for BZD overdose
flumazenil
tx for NMS and malignant hyperthermia
dantrolene
tx for malignant HTN
nitroprusside
tx for atrial fibrillation
rate control, rhythm control, and anticoagulation
tx of SVT
if stable, rate control with vagal maneuvers; if unsuccessful, consider adenosine
causes of drug-induced SLE
INH, penicillamine, hydralazine, procainamide, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine
most common organism in burn-related pts
pseudomonas
signs of neurogenic shock
hypotension and bradycardia
decreased CO, decreased PCWP, increased peripheral vascular resistance
hypovolemic shock
decreased CO, increased PCWP, increased peripheral vascular resistance
cardiogenic shock
increased CO, decreased PCWP, decreased peripheral vascular resistance
septic or anaphylactic shock
tx of septic shock
IVF and abx
tx of cardiogenic shock
identify cause; pressors (ie dopamine)
tx of hypovolemic shock
identify cause; IVF or blood
tx of anaphylactic shock
diphenhydramine or epi 1:1000
supportive tx for ARDS
continuous positive airway pressure
vitamin def - night blindness, dry skin
vit A
vitamin def - angular stomatitis, cheilosis, corneal vascularization
vit B2 (riboflavin)
vitamin def - pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)
vit B3 (niacin)
intoxication symptoms = emotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, coma, blackouts
intoxication from alcohol
withdrawal symptoms = anxiety, tremor, seizures (lethal)
withdrawal from alcohol
intoxication symptoms = euphoria, resp/CNS depression, decreased gag reflex, PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION (miosis or pinpoint,
intoxication from opoids (morphine, heroin, methadone)
withdrawal symptoms = sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, yawning, flu-like illness, diarrhea
withdrawal from opoids (morphine, heroin, methadone)
intoxication symptoms = euphoria, grandiosity, PUPILLARY DILATION (mydriasis, or > 4mm), prolonged wakefulness, HTN, tachycardia, anorexia, paranoia, fever
intoxication from amphetamines
withdrawal symptoms = anhedonia, increased appetitie, hypersomnolence
withdrawal from amphetamines
intoxication symptoms = impaired judgement, PUPILLARY DILATION (mydriasis or > 4mm), hallucinations (including tactile), paranoid ideations, angina, sudden cardiac death
intoxication from cocaine
intoxication symptoms = assaultive, belligerence, psychosis, vertical/horizontal nystagmus
intoxication from PCP
antidote for tylenol
n-acetylcysteine
antidote for acid/alkali ingestion
upper endoscopy to evaluate for stricture
antidote for anticholintesterases, organosphosphates
atropine, pralidoxime
antidote for antimuscarinic/anticholinergic agents
physostigmine
antidote for beta-blockers
glucagon
antidote for barbiturates
urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal, supprotive care
antidote for BZDs
flumazenil (can precipitate withdrawal seizures)
antidote for carbon monoxide
100% O2, hyperbaric O2
antidote for cooper, arsenic, lead, and gold
penicillamine
antidote for cyanide
hydroxycobalamine, amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate
antidote for heparin
protamine sulfate
antidote for INH
pyridoxine
antidote for iron salts
deferoxamine
antidote for lead
succimer, CaEDTA, dimercaprol
antidote for methanol/ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
EtOH, dialysis
antidote for TCAs. mechanism of action?
sodium bicarbonate for QRS prolongation –> mechanism is that sodium load will alleviate depressant actions on myocardial sodium channels; diazepam or lorazepam for seizures; monitor for arrhythmias
antidote for theophylline
activated charcoal
antidote for tPA
aminocapronic acid
antidote for warfarin
vitamin K, FFP
major s/e’s of aminoglycosides
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
major s/e’s of beta-blockers
asthma exacerbation, masking of hypoglycemia, impotence, bradycardia, AV block, CHF
major s/e’s of carbamazepine
agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, liver toxicity
major s/e’s of CCBs
peripheral edema (-dipine), constipation, cardiac depression
major s/e’s of chloramphenicol
gray baby syndrome
major s/e’s of cisplatin
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
major s/e’s of clonidine
severe rebound HTN/headache, and dry mouth
major s/e’s of clozapine
agranulocytosis
major s/e’s of cyclophosphamide
hemorrhagic cystitis (pre-treat w/ mesna)
major s/e’s of digoxin
GI disturbance, yellow visual changes, arrhythmias (junctional tachycardia or SVT)
major s/e’s of doxorubicin
cardiotoxicity (cardiomyopathy)
major s/e’s of fluoroquinolones
tendon rupture; cartilate damage
major s/e’s of furosemide
ototoxicity, hypoK, nephritis, gout
major s/e’s of HCTZ
hypoK, hypoNa, hyperGLUC
major s/e’s of hydralazine
drug-induced SLE (+ anti-histones)
major s/e’s of INH
peripheral neuropathy (prevent w/ pyridoxine/vitB6), hepatotoxicity
major s/e’s of MAO-I
HTN tyramine reaction, serotonin syndrome
major s/e’s of rifampin
orange-red body secretions
major s/e’s of TCAs
QRS prolongation –> arrhythmias, sedation, anticholinergic effects, seizures, coma, death
major s/e’s of vancomycin
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome
s/e’s of cyclosporine vs tacrolimus (both calcineurin-inhibitors)
cyclosporine s/e include nephrotoxicity, hyperK, HTN, gum hypertrophy, hirsutism, and tremor. tacrolimus has similar toxicities except for hirsutism and gum hypertrophy
overdose that leads to mydriasis? overdose that leads to miosis?
mydriasis - amphetamines and cocaine
miosis - opoids
