Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE Rapid Review > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

criteria for exudative effusion

A

light’s criteria:

  1. pleural/serum protein > 0.5
  2. pleural/serum LDH > 0.6
  3. pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 ULN of serum LDH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

causes of exudative effusion

A

think of leak capillaries - malignancy, TB, bacterial or viral infections, pneumonia, PE w/ infarct, and pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

causes of transudative effusion

A

think of intact capillaries - CHF, liver or kidney dz, and protein losing enteropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

normalizing pCO2 in a pt having an asthma exacerbation may indicate?

A

fatigue and impending respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dyspnea, lateral hilar lymphadenopathy on CXR, non-caseating granulomas, increased ACE, and hypercalcemia. Dx?

A

sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PFTs of obstructive pulmonary disease

A

decreased FEV1/FVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PFTs of restrictive pulmonary disease

A

increased FEV1/FVC and decreased TLC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

honeycomb pattern on CXR. Tx?

A

diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis - tx is supportive care; steroids may help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tx for SVC syndrome

A

radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tx for mild persistent asthma

A

inhaled beta-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tx for COPD exacerbation

A

O2 (target O2sat at 88-92%), bronchodilators (beta-2 agonists and anti-cholinergics), abx, systemic corticosteroids w/ taper, and smoking cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tx for chronic COPD

A

smoking cessation, home O2, beta-agonists, anti-cholinergic, systemic or inhaled corticosteroids, flu and pneumococcal vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

acid-base disorder in PE

A

respiratory alkalosis w/ hypoxia and hypocarbia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

non-small cell lung cancer associated w/ hypercalcemia

A

squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lung cancer highly related to cigarette exposure

A

small cell lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lung cancer associated w/ SIADH

A

small cell lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tall white male presents w/ acute shortness of breath. Dx? Tx?

A

spontaneous pneumothorax. spontaneous regression w/ supplemental O2 may be helpful

18
Q

risk factors for DVT

A

stasis, endothelial injury, and hyper-coagulability (virchow’s triad)

19
Q

tx of tension pneumothorax

A

immediate needle thoracostomy

20
Q

characteristics favoring carcinoma in an isolated pulmonary nodule

A

age > 45-50; lesions new or larger in comparison to old films; absence of calcifications or irregular calcifications; size > 2 cm; irregular margins

21
Q

hypoxemia and pulmonary edema w/ normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

A

ARDS

22
Q

sequelae of asbestos exposure

A

pulmonary fibrosis, pleural plaques, bronchogenic carcinoma (mass in lung field), mesothelioma (pleural mass)

23
Q

increased risk of what infection w/ silicosis?

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

24
Q

causes of hypoxemia

A

right-to-left shunt, hypoventilation, low inspired O2 tension, diffusion defect, V/Q mismatch

25
Q

classic CXR findings for pulmonary edema

A

cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary vessels, kerley b lines, bats wing appearance of hilar shadows, and perivascular and peribronchial cuffing

26
Q

CXR findings suggestive of PE

A

westermark’s sign and hampton’s hump

27
Q

fever + cough productive of foul-smelling sputum + hx concerning for aspiration pna. tx?

A

clindamycin

28
Q

findings on CT of bronchial dilation, lack of airway trapping, and bronchial wall thickening are signs of?

A

bronchiectasis

29
Q

two modalities shown to decreased mortality in COPD pts

A

home O2 and smoking cessation

30
Q

most common adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids

A

thrush (oral candida)

31
Q

glucocorticoids cause neutrophilia how?

A

by increasing the BM release and mobilizing the marginated neutrophil pool

32
Q

indicators of severe asthma

A

normal to increased pCO2 values, speech difficulty, diaphoresis, altered sensorium, cyanosis, and silent lungs

33
Q

pts w/ impaired consciousness, advanced dementia, and other neuro disorders are predisposed to aspiration pna due to?

A

impaired epiglottic function

34
Q

a mobile, cavitary mass in the lung which presents w/ intermittent hemoptysis. dx?

A

aspergilloma

35
Q

pt presents w/ atypical CAP symptoms, concurrent GI and CNS symptoms. dx?

A

legionnaires

36
Q

3 most common causes of chronic cough

A

postnasal drip (upper-airway cough syndrome), asthma, and GERD

37
Q

hypoxia, hypocapnia, and respiratory alkalosis suggests?

A

CHF

38
Q

exudative effusions w/ low glucose

A

empyemas - low glucose due to the high metabolic activity of leukocytes and bacteria w/in the pleural fluid

39
Q

PE findings for pneumothorax…
percussion - ?
breath sounds - ?
fremitus - ?

A

percussion - hyperresonant
breath sounds - decreased or absent
fremitus - decreased or absent

40
Q

PE findings for pleural effusion…
percussion - ?
breath sounds - ?
fremitus - ?

A

percussion - dull
breath sounds - decreased
fremitus - decreased

41
Q

PE findings for emphysema…
percussion - ?
breath sounds - ?
fremitus - ?

A

percussion - diffusely hyperresonant
breath sounds - decreased
fremitus - decreased

USMLE Rapid Review (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions