Stem cells & Animal Tissues Flashcards
Do all human cells look the same
No, each cell has different function in the body
Stem cells
undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into different types of cells. Not specialized yet.
3 different types of stem cells
- embryonic
- Adult
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)
Embryonic?
Pluripotent, Can become ALL types of cells, obtained from blastocyst (early stage embryo)
Adult stem cells
Multipotent, can become anything of the group of cells in its associated cell line
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Adult stem cells that were induced (programmed) to become pluripotent, capable of becoming any type of cell. Basically a embryonic but programmed to be like that
Hiearchy
Looking at animals in its simplest form to its most complex form
What are animal bodies organized in?
Hiearchy of increasing complexity
Cells
Speacilized and branch to connect to other LIKE cells
Tissues
Groups of specialized cells that have the same structure and function (hockey team)
Organs
A structure composed of different tissues that works together to perform A certain function [aphs]
Organ systems
Organs work with other organs to form systems that maintain vital bodily function,halton
4 tissues animal?
1.epithelial tissue
2.Nervous tissue
3.connective tissue
4.muscle tissue
Epithelial tissue function?
Prevents damage, heat loss, dehydration, infection. Protects body cavaties and organs. Eg, skin, air sacs in lungs, lining of digestive system
Epithelial tissue structure?
Sheets of tightly packed cells, covers body surface, lines and the body’s internal organs
Nervous tissue
Structure: long thin cells w branches, conduct electrical impulses btw brain, spinal nerves, body
Function: coordinates body’s movements, communicates messages within body to aid in survival
Eg: hand touching hot stove, msg to brain, brain interprets danger, brain sends msg to hand, hand leaves stove
Connective tissues?
Structure: various types of cells and fibres, cells are held together by a liquid, solid, or gel matrix.
Function: joins tissues together, supports and protects structures. Provides insulation as it fills empty space between tissues.
Eg, bone, tendon, blood, cartilage
Muscle tissue
Structure: bundles of long cells called muscle fibres. Capable of shortening and contracting
Function:movement of the human body, posture, movement of substances inside the body, and generation of body heat.
3 types of muscle tissues: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Types of connective tissue
Blood, bone, tendon, cartilage
Bone
Made up of living cells and hard non-living material
What is osteoporosis?
A disease, means you babe low bone mass, determination of bone tissue, and your bones can break easily. In bones, common in elder people.
What’s the difference btw ligament and tendon
Ligaments are similar to string elastic bands, they connect BONES TO BONES
Tendons are tough, non elastic tissues that connect MUSCLES TO BONES
cartilage
Strong, flexible tissue that cushions the surrounding joints
Eg, nose, ear, knees, rib cage
What causes arthritis?
Loss of cartilage tissue
Blood
Fluid tissue made up of 4 main components
- Red blood cells: carry oxygen to body parts
- White blood cells: fight infections
- Platelets: clots blood if we get injured
- Plasma: carries nutrients to body parts
Skeletal
Striated muscle tissue (long, fine, fibers), attacked to skeleton, makes bones move, voluntary
Cardiac
A muscle tissue
Striated muscle tissue (long fine fibers)
Lines the walls of the heart, involuntary
Smooth
Muscle tissue
Not striated, muscle tissue is small and long, found in walls of tubes such as blood vessels, glandular ducts and digestive system. Involuntary.
