Optics Flashcards
Types of light and describe them
Natural light eg: Sun and organisms
Artificial light: Light bulbs (Incandescent, sodium vapour, fluorescent)
Luminescence
Light generated without heat. 3 types of Luminescence, Phosphorescence, Chemiluminescence, bioluminescence
Phosphorescence
Type of luminescent light, light emitted for some time after ultraviolet radiation has stopped. Eg, Glow in dark paint, ceiling stars
Chemiluminescence
Light generated by energy released during a chemical reaction. Eg, Glow in the dark, fireworks, match stick
Type of luminescence
Bioluminescence
Light produced by living organisms. Angler fish, jellyfish, fireflies. Type of luminescence
Fluorescence
Emission of light by a substance that absorbs electromagnetic radiation (eg, UV radiation). Molecules go in an excited state but do not stay in it for lose and they lose energy in the form of heat light.
Eg, Highlighter, tonic water, laundry detergent.
Properties of waves
Crest - highest point of wave
Trough - Lowest point on wave
Amplitude - Wave height from rest position of the wave to crest.
Wavelength - Distance from one crest to the next crest. UNIT (M)
Wave
A disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter
Frequency
Number of wavelenghts per second (Symbol: f; units: Hz or S-1^)
Electromagnetic spectrum
Light is made of energy that behaves as both a wave and a particle but does not require matter to travel
Light
A complex form of energy which contains both particles (phontons) and waves
What is electromagnetic radiation classified according to?
Wavelength
What does shorter wavelengths mean
More energy the radiation possess
Types of electromagnetic rays and examples
Radio - FM/AM radio broadcasts
Microwaves- Radar, satellite, spacecraft communication, wireless networks, cell phones
Infrared - Sunlight, fires
Visible - Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet
Ultraviolet - Tanning beds, used to clean water
X-ray - Medical x-rays and security x-rays
Gamma - Radiotherapy (medical), disinfection, nuclear
Images in a plane mirror
Normal, Incident ray, Reflected ray, point of incidence, angle of incidence, angle of reflection
Normal
Dotted line PERPENDICULAR to mirror
Incident ray
The ray moving towards the mirror
Reflected ray
Ray that is reflected off mirror
Point of incidence
Point on mirror where incident ray hits
Angle of incidence
Angle between incident ray and normal
Angle of reflection
Angle btw reflected ray and normal
What is the law of reflection and what do scientists call the subjects infront of the mirror and in the mirror?
- Law of reflection is Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection
- Object in front of mirror is called the OBJECT. The likeness seen inside the mirror is called the image.
Examples of concaved mirrors
Cosmetic mirrors, Hubble telescopes, Headlights
Concave mirror
Reflecting surface that curves inward
Principale axis
Line that’s PERPINDICULAR to center of mirror
Vertex
Point where PA and mirror and mirror
Focal point (F)
Point where reflected rays intersect when all incident rays (IR) are parallel
Center of curvature (C/2F)
Point that represents the centre of the mirror if it were a full circle.
3 rays in concave ray diagrams?
- Parallel - parellel line through, out from focul
- Focal - In through focal out parallel
- Vertex - Vertex point, equal, Law of reflection, equal angles
Examples of convex mirror?
Parking garage mirrors, store security mirrors, Art, Blind spot mirrors/side mirrors
Where do all reflected rays converge?
Behind the mirror
Which mirror is LOST always the same for?
Convex mirrors
Which type of mirrors only make virtual images?
Plane and Convex
Which mirror makes your face appear bigger?
Convex mirrors
Which colour has the highest frequency?
Violet has the highest. It goes inverse from lowest to highest eg, lowest is red, orange yellow green blue indigo and then violet.
