Chemistry Flashcards
What is an ionic compound?
Ionic compounds consist of a non-metal bonded to a metal, the non-metal gains electrons and metals donate electrons
Valence election?
Electrons in the outermost shell
Ionic charge?
Number of electrons an atom will gain or lose
Which goes first metal or non metal for ionic naming
Metal than non metal, non metal ends in ide.
What is a poly atomic?
Charged ions that consist of compounds with 2 or more atoms bonded together. Polyatomic act as non-metals bc they bond w metals
Which two polyatomic are not affected when naming ?
Ammonium and hydroxide
This is because ammonium acts as a metal, it goes first and the ending of the second metal does not change (ide) ammonium is only positive one
Hydroxide just ends in hydroxide, still second metal
molecular/covalent bonds
2 non-metals band and share electrons, shares electronsare used by both atoms to fill valence shell
What are the covalent prefixes?
Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa
Rules for covalent naming
- Write symbols 2. Write subscript 3. Don’t reduce 4. Never write mono in first element
What r the 3 common names in all forms?
CH4, methane, carbon tetrahydride
H20, water, di hydrogen monoxide
NH3, ammonia, Nitrogen trihydride
What is a diatomic element?
2 of the same atom, never exist alone
What are the diatomics
Iodine gas, bromine gas, chlorine gas, Florine gas, oxygen gas,nitrogen gas,hydrogen gas
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What’s a preticipate?
Solid formed from 2 liquids reacting, creates new substance
Aqueous
Chemical dissolved in water
What is law of conservation of mass?
Mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction and total mass of reactants = total mass of products
If it is not true it is because open vessel expierements cause mass to be turned into energy and escape, it also could have evaporated or dissolved
What r the types of reactions
Synthesis - 2 or more reactants combining to make 1
Decomposition - 1 reactant breaking into 2 or more products
Single displacement - anion or cation kicking out same ion to form a new compound leaving the other one alone
Double displacement - ionic compounds switching partners to create new compounds
Combustion - hydrocarbons and oxygen as reactants and carbon dioxide and water as products
Incomplete combustion - combustion but there’s left over elements, not complete
What is pH scale?
Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is based on concentration of hydrogen ions
What’s a basic solution?
Low concentration of H+, high PH, above 7
What’s an acidic solution?
High concentration of H+, low PH, below 7
Characteristics of an acid
Oh below 7, taste sour, water soluble, conducts electricity, reacts w water to create hydrogen ions (H).Eg orange juice, vinegar, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid
Characteristics of a base
Ph above 7, water soluble, conducts electricity, taste bitter, reacts w water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-)
Binary acids?
A nonmetal and hydrogen
Hydro then non metal then ends in ic acid
Hydrochloric acid
How to name bases
Contains metal and hydroxide (OH)
1 write metal
2 write hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Indicator
Chemical that changes colour with change in pH
