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Science Grade 10 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

Ionic compounds consist of a non-metal bonded to a metal, the non-metal gains electrons and metals donate electrons

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2
Q

Valence election?

A

Electrons in the outermost shell

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3
Q

Ionic charge?

A

Number of electrons an atom will gain or lose

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4
Q

Which goes first metal or non metal for ionic naming

A

Metal than non metal, non metal ends in ide.

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5
Q

What is a poly atomic?

A

Charged ions that consist of compounds with 2 or more atoms bonded together. Polyatomic act as non-metals bc they bond w metals

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6
Q

Which two polyatomic are not affected when naming ?

A

Ammonium and hydroxide

This is because ammonium acts as a metal, it goes first and the ending of the second metal does not change (ide) ammonium is only positive one

Hydroxide just ends in hydroxide, still second metal

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7
Q

molecular/covalent bonds

A

2 non-metals band and share electrons, shares electronsare used by both atoms to fill valence shell

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8
Q

What are the covalent prefixes?

A

Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa

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9
Q

Rules for covalent naming

A
  1. Write symbols 2. Write subscript 3. Don’t reduce 4. Never write mono in first element
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10
Q

What r the 3 common names in all forms?

A

CH4, methane, carbon tetrahydride

H20, water, di hydrogen monoxide

NH3, ammonia, Nitrogen trihydride

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11
Q

What is a diatomic element?

A

2 of the same atom, never exist alone

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12
Q

What are the diatomics

A

Iodine gas, bromine gas, chlorine gas, Florine gas, oxygen gas,nitrogen gas,hydrogen gas

I brought clay for our new house

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13
Q

What’s a preticipate?

A

Solid formed from 2 liquids reacting, creates new substance

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14
Q

Aqueous

A

Chemical dissolved in water

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15
Q

What is law of conservation of mass?

A

Mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction and total mass of reactants = total mass of products

If it is not true it is because open vessel expierements cause mass to be turned into energy and escape, it also could have evaporated or dissolved

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16
Q

What r the types of reactions

A

Synthesis - 2 or more reactants combining to make 1
Decomposition - 1 reactant breaking into 2 or more products
Single displacement - anion or cation kicking out same ion to form a new compound leaving the other one alone
Double displacement - ionic compounds switching partners to create new compounds
Combustion - hydrocarbons and oxygen as reactants and carbon dioxide and water as products
Incomplete combustion - combustion but there’s left over elements, not complete

17
Q

What is pH scale?

A

Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is based on concentration of hydrogen ions

18
Q

What’s a basic solution?

A

Low concentration of H+, high PH, above 7

19
Q

What’s an acidic solution?

A

High concentration of H+, low PH, below 7

20
Q

Characteristics of an acid

A

Oh below 7, taste sour, water soluble, conducts electricity, reacts w water to create hydrogen ions (H).Eg orange juice, vinegar, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid

21
Q

Characteristics of a base

A

Ph above 7, water soluble, conducts electricity, taste bitter, reacts w water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-)

22
Q

Binary acids?

A

A nonmetal and hydrogen

Hydro then non metal then ends in ic acid

Hydrochloric acid

23
Q

How to name bases

A

Contains metal and hydroxide (OH)

1 write metal
2 write hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH

24
Q

Indicator

A

Chemical that changes colour with change in pH

25
Q

What colour Will litmus paper change when acidic?

A

Red- red
Blue - red

26
Q

What colour would litmus turn when basic and neutral

A

Red-blue
Blue - blue

Neutral
Red- red
Blue- blue

27
Q

Cabbage juice indicators?

A

Acidic-red
Basic - yellow
Neutral - purple

28
Q

Phenolphthalein indicators

A

Acidic = clear
Basic = pink
Neutral =nothing

29
Q

Bromothymol blue

A

Acidic - yellow
Basic - blue
Neutral -green

30
Q

Neutralization

A

A double displacement reaction where an acid and base react to form a salt and water “salt means ionic compound”

Science Grade 10 (12 decks)

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