Organelles And Functions Flashcards
What is an organelle?
A structure in the cell with a specific function
Cell membrane
It appears in animal and plant cells
Protects the cell from surroundings
Controls movement of substances in and out
Acts as a wall/barrier, only lets some things in (semipermeable)
Cell wall
Appears in plant cells only
Provides protection and structure to plant cell
Helps keep plants stand up, the cell wall is made of cellulose
What are the different parts of the nucleus structure and what cells to they appear in?
Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane/envelope, chromatin
All appear in both plant and animal cells
What is the Nucleus?
It’s like a brain
Stores DNA
Found in EUkaryotes not Prokaryotes
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells DO have a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells DONT have a nucleus
Eukaryotic cells have other organelles besides nucleus, prokaryotic cells only have ribosomes.
What is the nucleolus?
Produces ribosomes
It’s a circle inside the nucleus, takes up 25% of the nucleus
Nuclear membrane/envelope?
Membrane that holds nucleus
Small holes called nuclear pores to allow contents in and out of the nucleus
Chromatin?
Relaxed form of DNA that wraps around proteins called histones
Ribosome?
Makes proteins
Located in the nucleolus
Both animal and plant cells
Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Holds the ribosomes which create protein, it is rough because if the ribosomes
Proteins packaged in membrane bound vesicles and sent to Golgi body
Located in animal and plant cells
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)
Produces lipids, carbohydrates, hormones and repairs membrane.
Has no ribosomes which is what makes it smooth
Both animal and plant cells
Golgi apparatus
It’s like Amazon
Modifying and packaging of proteins for secretion
Creates lysosomes
Animal and plant cells
Mitochondria
Breaks down glucose into ATP energy through the process of cellular respiration
Powerhouse of the cell
Plant and animal cells
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis —> carbon dioxide + water —> oxygen + glucose
Green pigment called chlorophyll that contains enzymes that drives the process of photosynthesis
ONLY plant cells